离心通风机非对称蜗壳优化及机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260135

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为降低离心通风机蜗壳内的流动损失，提出一种基于旋涡控制的非对称蜗壳设计方法，选取非对称蜗壳的五个设计变量为优化参数，以离心通风机全压升和效率为优化目标开展优化设计，并结合试验和大涡模拟揭示了蜗壳损失降低的机理。对优化后具有非对称蜗壳的离心通风机进行试验测试发现，设计工况下通风机的全压升较原型提升了3.90%，效率提升了5.02%。机理分析表明，非对称蜗壳将原型蜗壳内部的高强度、大尺度旋涡结构变为低强度、小尺度旋涡结构，尤其是消除了蜗舌附近的高强度旋涡结构，进而大幅度降低了蜗壳损失；通过对蜗壳内旋涡尺度的定量分析发现，旋涡尺度与通风机效率反相关。此外，非对称蜗壳大幅降低了原型蜗壳内由高强度旋涡引起的低频压力脉动。

关键词: 离心通风机, 旋涡损失, 蜗壳优化, 遗传算法, 风机效率

Abstract: In order to reduce the flow loss in the volute of centrifugal fan, a design method of non-symmetric volute based on vortex control is proposed. Five design variables of the non-symmetric volute were selected as optimization parameters, and the total pressure rise and efficiency of centrifugal fan are taken as optimization objectives to carry out multi-objective optimization design. The mechanism of loss reduction of the volute is revealed using experiments and large-eddy numerical simulations. The optimized centrifugal fan with non-symmetric volute is tested experimentally. The results show that the total pressure rise of the fan under the design condition is 3.90% higher than that of the original, and the efficiency is improved by 5.02%. Mechanism analysis shows that the non-symmetric volute translates the high strength and large scale vortex in the original volute into low strength and small scale vortex, especially eliminates the high strength vortex near the volute tongue. Therefore, the volute loss is remarkably reduced. It is found that the vortex scale is inversely related to the fan efficiency via analyzing the vortex scale in the volute quantitatively. In addition, the non-symmetric volute significantly reduces the pressure pulsation of low frequency caused by high intensity vortices in the original volute.

Key words: centrifugal fan, vortex loss, volute optimization, genetic algorithm, fan efficiency

中图分类号:

TG156

王维, 王俊龙, 罗兴锜, 醋婷婷, 卢金玲, 冯建军. 离心通风机非对称蜗壳优化及机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 400-412.

WANG Wei, WANG Junlong, LUO Xingqi, CU Tingting, LU Jinling, FENG Jianjun. Study on Optimization of Non-symmetric Volute and Underlying Mechanism for Centrifugal Fan[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 400-412.

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