动车组设备舱底板疲劳损伤特征试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260052

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 车体设备舱底板疲劳可靠性受振动和气动载荷等多种因素的影响，致其更易于发生疲劳损伤，其疲劳可靠性是车辆安全运用中不容忽略问题。以某型动车组车体设备舱底板为研究对象，完成多节车车下设备舱底板不同位置动应力测点布置，于某客运专线进行跟踪测试。基于测试动应力数据，经数字信号处理和统计计数，得到各疲劳关键测点的应力谱。结合Miner损伤理论及母材和焊缝S-N特性，计算设备舱底板及其安装梁各测点单位里程损伤及全寿命周期下等效应力幅，分析不同运行速度、明线稳态及隧道通过等运行工况变化对于应力响应特征及疲劳损伤的影响情况，分析设备舱底板动应力的频域特征及不同频段振动能量对其疲劳伤损的贡献。结果显示，运用速度对设备舱底板疲劳损伤影响较大，由200 km/h增至300 km/h时，中部螺栓安装孔边的等效应力幅增加近30 MPa。与直线运行相比，曲线通过过程对设备舱底板螺栓安装孔的应力影响并不明显，等效应力幅增加小于3 MPa。运用中处于迎风侧的设备舱底板，其损伤要一定程度大于其处于非迎风侧的情况。设备舱底板中部疲劳伤损更多来自纵向振动，纵向和横向振动均对安装孔边位置疲劳损伤有一定贡献，且以20～40 Hz频段成分的贡献为主。运行速度提高后，设备舱底板弹性振动更易被激发。隧道通过时，对22 Hz这一主频下振动幅值有明显增加，对其他主频对应幅频特征改变很小。

关键词: 动车组, 设备舱底板, 动应力, 疲劳, 运用工况, 频域特征

Abstract: The fatigue strength of the vehicle equipment compartment floor is affected by vibration and aerodynamic loads and other factors, so it is more prone to fatigue damage, and its fatigue strength is a safe use of the vehicle can not be ignored. Taking a certain type of railway car body equipment compartment floor plate as the research object, we completed the dynamic stress measurement point arrangement of the equipment compartment floor plate and its mounting beams, and conducted the tracking test on a dedicated passenger line. Based on the test dynamic stress data, the stress spectrum of each fatigue key point is obtained by digital signal processing and statistical counting. Combined with Miner's damage theory and the S-N characteristics of the base material and welds, we calculate the unit mileage damage and equivalent force amplitude of each measurement point of the equipment compartment floor and its mounting beams under the whole life cycle, analyse the effects of changes in operating conditions such as speed level, open line steady state and tunnel passage on the stress response characteristics and fatigue damage, and analyse the frequency domain characteristics of the dynamic stresses in the equipment compartment floor and the contribution of the vibration energy of the uneven frequency band to the fatigue damage of it. Contribution of vibration energy to fatigue damage.The results show that: Compared with the straight line operation, the curve through process does not have a significant effect on the stress on the bolt mounting holes of the equipment compartment floor plate, the increase of the equivalent stress amplitude is less than 3 MPa.The application of the equipment compartment floor plate in the windward side of the damage to a certain extent than in the case of the non-windward side of the equipment compartment floor plate. The fatigue damage at the centre of the equipment compartment floor plate is due more to longitudinal vibration, and both longitudinal and lateral vibration contribute to some extent to the fatigue damage at the edge of the mounting holes, with the contribution of the 20-40 Hz component being dominant. As the speed of travel increases, the elastic vibration of the equipment compartment floor plate is more likely to be stimulated. When passing through the tunnel, there is a significant increase in the vibration amplitude at the principal frequency of 22 Hz, and there is little change in the corresponding amplitude and frequency characteristics of the other principal frequencies.

Key words: EMU, equipment compartment floor, dynamic stress, fatigue, operating conditions, frequency domain characteristics

中图分类号:

U270

徐宁, 孙占勇, 杨超, 任尊松, 杨广雪, 周义昌, 屈升. 动车组设备舱底板疲劳损伤特征试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 250-260.

XU Ning, SUN Zhanyong, YANG Chao, REN Zunsong, YANG Guangxue, ZHOU Yichang, QU Sheng. Experimental Study on Fatigue Damage Characteristics of Equipment Compartment Bottom Plates of EMU[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 250-260.

参考文献

[1] 张一喆,李强,何德华.典型工况下动车组设备舱气动载荷与损伤规律[J].机械科学与技术,2019,38(6):942-946.ZHANG Yizhe,LI Qiang,HE Dehua. Aerodynamic load and fatigue damage law of EMU equipment cabin under typical working conditions[J]. Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2019,38(6):942-946.
[2] BAKER C J,HUMPHREYS N D. Assessment of the adequacy of various wind tunnel techniques to obtain aerodynamic data for ground vehicles in cross winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,60:49-68.
[3] BAKER C J. The simulation of unsteady aerodynamic cross wind forces on trains[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98(2):88-99.
[4] ZILIAN A,DINKLER D,VEHRE A. Projection-based reduction of fluid-structure interaction systems using monolithic space-time modes[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2009(198):3795-3805.
[5] BRUMMELEN E H V. Partitioned iterative solution methods for fluid-structure interaction[J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids,2011(65):3-27.
[6] MONACO S,DIGNATH F. Structural deformation caused by aerodynamic excitation during the passing of maglev vehicles[C/CD] //International colloquium on bluff bodies aerodynamics&Applications,2008. BBAA Milano,Italy.
[7] KWON H B,PARK Y W,LEE D H,et al. Wind tunnel experiments on Korean high-speed trains using various ground simulation techniques[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2001,89(13):1179-1195.
[8] HEMIDA H,KRAJNOVID S. study of the influence of the nose shape and yaw angles on flow structures around trains[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2010,98(1):34-46.
[9] JOHNSON T,DALLAY S. 1/25 Scale moving model tests for the TRANSAERO project[J]. Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics,2002,79:123-135.
[10] QUINN A,HAYWARD M, BAKER C,et al. A full-scale experimental and modeling study of ballast flight under high-speed trains[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,2010,224(2):61-74.
[11] 王照杰. 200 km/h不锈钢客车车下设备舱设计探讨[J].铁道车辆,2011,49(8):18-20,1,6.WANG Zhaojie. Discussion of design of the equipment cabins under 200 km/h stainless steel passenger cars[J].Rolling Stock,2011,49(8):18-20,1,6.
[12] 佟胜江.设备舱支架裂纹原因分析及改进措施[J].铁道车辆,2011,49(12):10-15.TONG Shengjiang. Analysis of causes to cracking in equipment cabin bracket and improvement measures[J].Rolling Stock,2011,49(12):10-15.
[13] 相运成.动车组设备舱结构研究[D].大连:大连交通大学,2012.XIANG Chengyun. Study on the structure of equipment cabins for EMU[D]. Dalian:Dalian Jiaotong University,2012.
[14] 张泽锦.高速列车设备舱支架损伤分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2014.ZHANG Zejin. Analysis on the high-speed TRAIN cabin frame injure[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2014.
[15] 王文静,惠晓龙,马纪军.高速列车设备舱支架疲劳裂纹机理研究[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(6):142-147.WANG Wenjing,HUI Xiaolong,MA Jijun. Fatigue crack mechanism research on high speed rrain equipment cabin frame[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(6):142-147.
[16] 王燕.气动与轨道激扰作用下列车车体动态响应研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.WANG Yan. Analysis of the high speed railway carbody dynamic response induced by the aerodynamic force and irregular excitation of track[D]. Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.
[17] 黄珊.时速400 km高速列车设备舱气动载荷与应力响应研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2019.HUANG Shan. Study on aerodynamic load and response of 400 km/h high speed train equipment cabin[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2019.
[18] 段华东,肖典喜,袁文辉.气动载荷对高速动车组的设备舱强度影响研究[J].机车电传动,2019(3):42-46.DUAN Huadong,XIAO Dianxi,YUAN Wenhui. Strength analysis of high-speed EMUs equipment cabin under influence of aerodynamic loads[J]. Electric Drive for Locomotives,2019(3):42-46.
[19] 张富兵,刘潮涛,邬平波,等.高速列车设备舱底板的振动特性研究[J].振动、测试与诊断,2019,39(1):184-190.ZHANG Fubing, LIU Chaotao, WU Pingbo, et al.Vibration characteristics of equipment cabin bottom plate[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement and Diagnosis,2019,39(1):184-190.
[20] 夏东伟,于庆斌,曲涵笑.高速动车组设备舱动应力试验研究[J].大连交通大学学报,2020,41(4):9-13,23.XIA Dongwei,YU Qingbin,QU Hanxiao. Study of dynamic stress test of high-speed EMU equipment cabin[J]. Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2020,41(4):9-13,23.
[21] 王宏,李延鹏.高速列车车下设备舱底板的可靠性研究[J].内燃机与配件,2020(13):45-46.WANG Hong,LI Yanpeng. Reliability study of high speed train equipment bay bottom plates[J]. Internal Combustion Engine&Parts,2020(13):45-46.
[22] 牛纪强,梁习锋,周丹,等.动车组过隧道时设备舱气动效应动模型试验[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2016,50(7):1258-1265.NIU Jiqiang,LI Xifeng,ZHOU Dan,et al. Equipment cabin aerodynamic performance of electric multiple unit going through tunnel by dynamic model test[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2016,50(7):1258-1265.
[23] YANG G,WANG M,LI Q,et al. Methodology to evaluate fatigue damage of high-speed train welded bogie frames based on on-track dynamic stress test data[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2019,32(1):1-8.
[24] Institution British Standard. BS 7608-2014:Guide to fatigue design and assessment of steel products[S].London:BSI Standards Limited,2014.