纵向压钩力对空载货运列车道岔转辙区脱轨影响

doi:10.3901/JME.260051

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 纵向压钩力对长编组货运列车安全运行有着重要影响。为了研究纵向压钩力对空载货运列车在道岔转辙区脱轨的影响，基于一起空载货运列车侧逆向通过道岔转辙区脱轨事故，建立考虑道岔转辙区尖轨变截面特点的空载货运列车-道岔动力学模型；基于该模型分析空载货运列车道岔转辙区脱轨过程，以及纵向压钩力对空载货运列车侧逆向通过道岔转辙区脱轨的影响；并分析纵向压钩力与车钩转角的关系。结果表明：空载货运列车在纵向压钩力的作用下形成车钩转角，产生车钩横向力，传递至轮对后加剧轮轨相互作用，促使轮对横移和爬轨，且纵向压钩力越大，空载货运列车道岔区的脱轨风险越大。在纵向压钩力、道岔尖轨变截面结构以及轮轨摩擦因数的共同作用下，脱轨风险增大，车轮在道岔转辙区爬轨乃至脱轨。此外，纵向压钩力的大小和作用时机可引起车钩转角方向差异，从而引起列车中不同位置的转向架脱轨。

关键词: 纵向压钩力, 空载货运列车脱轨, 道岔转辙区, 车钩转角

Abstract: The longitudinal compressive coupler force has a significant effect on the safety of long haul freight trains. In order to study the effect of the longitudinal compressive coupler force on the derailment of empty freight trains in the switch area, based on a derailment accident of an empty freight train passing through the switch area in the diverging route, a dynamic model of empty freight train-turnout is established considering the variable cross-sectional characteristics of the switch rail. Based on this model, the derailment process of the empty freight train and the influence of the longitudinal compressive coupler force on the derailment of the empty freight train when passing through the turnout switch area in the diverging route are analyzed, and the relationship between the longitudinal compressive coupler force and the coupler force is investigated. The results indicate that under the action of the longitudinal compressive coupler force, the coupler yaw angle is formed and the lateral coupler force is generated, which intensifies the wheel-rail interaction and promotes the lateral movement and climbing of the wheelset. Moreover, the larger the longitudinal compressive coupler force, the higher the risk of derailment of empty freight trains. Under the combined effect of the longitudinal compressive coupler force, the variable cross-sectional structure of the switch rail, and the high wheel-rail friction coefficient, the risk of derailment of the empty freight train is increased and the wheel climbs or even derails in the turnout switch area. In addition, the longitudinal compressive coupler force can cause differences in the direction of the coupler yaw angle, which in turn affects the position of the derailed bogie in the train.

Key words: longitudinal compressive coupler force, derailment of empty freight train, turnout switch, coupler yaw angle

中图分类号:

U271

蒋益平, 池茂儒, 郭舜. 纵向压钩力对空载货运列车道岔转辙区脱轨影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 238-249.

JIANG Yiping, CHI Maoru, GUO Shun. Influence of Longitudinal Compressive Coupler Force on the Derailment of the Empty Freight Train in the Turnout Switch Area[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 238-249.

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