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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 91-103.doi: 10.3901/JME.260039

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇    

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柔性可穿戴泛在湿气供能-传感一体化器件研究

孙浩1,2,3, 杨锦添1, 林佳雯1, 东辉2,3, 高永卓2,3, 董为2,3, 何龙4, 李文荣5   

  1. 1. 福州大学机械工程及自动化学院 福州 350108;
    2. 哈尔滨工业大学机电工程学院 哈尔滨 150001;
    3. 哈尔滨工业大学机器人技术与系统全国重点实验室 哈尔滨 150001;
    4. 杭州智元研究院有限公司 杭州 310008;
    5. 香港城市大学机械工程系 香港 999077
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-29 修回日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2026-03-02
  • 作者简介:孙浩,男,1986年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为传感器和人工智能。E-mail:sunnice@hit.edu.cn;杨锦添,男,1999年出生,硕士。主要研究方向为湿气发电技术。E-mail:yjt1763@163.com;李文荣,男,1964年出生,博士,首席教授,副校长,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为传感器和机器人。E-main:wenjli@cityu.edu.hk

Wearable Integrated Devices for Moisture Energy Generation and Sensing

SUN Hao1,2,3, YANG Jintian1, LIN Jiawen1, DONG Hui2,3, GAO Yongzhuo2,3, DONG Wei2,3, HE Long4, LI Wenjung5   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108;
    2. School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001;
    3. State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001;
    4. Hangzhou Zhiyuan Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310008;
    5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077
  • Received:2024-12-29 Revised:2025-07-01 Published:2026-03-02

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摘要： 为解决可持续能源迫切需求，以离子浓度梯度能量采集理论为基础，研制一种新型泛在湿空气能量收集（Moisture energy generation,MEG）器件。器件选择羟基化碳纳米管作为发电功能材料，设计界面、梯度和电极（液态合金-银）三重不对称理化结构，有效增强离子扩散效率和浓度梯度。借助多场耦合仿真计算，解析器件内动态物理过程，量化离子浓度梯度对发电效能的关键影响。融合液态合金机械力涂覆、区域化等离子体表面处理等工艺制备了新型MEG器件原理样机。由微观形貌、成分分析等表征测试结果可知，发电微结构界面稳定，制备工艺能够有效提高官能团分布梯度。当相对湿度为80%,MEG器件开路电压为1.1 V，短路电流为260μA，体积功率密度可至166.7μW/cm3。采用并/串联模式，即可满足多数可穿戴电子设备的充电需求。器件能够在扭转、拉伸和弯曲等机械力致变形后，仍然能维持稳定的电力输出。可至少稳定供电近3 h，并可按需规模化扩展。此外，以可饮用果汁为待检样本，验证了“供能-传感”集成一体化双能MEG器件的可行性。所述方法是传统发电与传感器技术的重要补充，在智慧、外骨骼机器人、环境与食品安全监测等方面具有广阔应用前景。

关键词: 湿气发电, 供能-传感一体化双能器件, 柔性可穿戴器件

Abstract: To address the urgent need for sustainable energy, a novel ubiquitous moisture energy generation（MEG） device was developed based on the theory of ion concentration gradient energy harvesting. The device selected hydroxylated carbon nanotubes as the power-generating functional material and employed a triple asymmetric physicochemical structure comprising interface, gradient, and electrodes（liquid metal-silver） to effectively enhance ion diffusion and concentration gradient. By utilizing multi-physics simulation, the dynamic physical processes within the device were studied, and the critical impact of ion concentration gradients on power generation efficiency was quantified. The new MEG device prototype was fabricated by integrating processes such as mechanical liquid metal coating and localized plasma surface treatment. Characterization tests, including morphology and composition analysis, confirmed that the power-generating microstructure interfaces were stable, and the preparation process can effectively enhance the functional group distribution. At 80% relative humidity, the MEG device achieved an open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V, a short-circuit current of 260 μA, and a volumetric power density of up to 166.7 μW/cm3. The use of parallel/series modes can meet the charging needs of most wearable electronic devices. The devices were able to maintain stable power output even after mechanical deformations such as twisting, stretching, and bending. It provided stable power supply for nearly 3 hours and can be scalable as needed. Additionally, using juice as test sample, the concept of the “energy supply-sensing” integrated dual-function MEG device was validated. This approach is an important complement to traditional power generation and sensor technologies with broad application prospects in multiple fields including smart healthcare, exoskeleton robotics, environmental and food safety monitoring.

Key words: moisture energy generation, energy supply-sensing integrated dual-function device, wearable soft device

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