深窄槽电火花加工放电点分布机理与规律研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.13.386

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 深窄槽电火花加工中底面间隙放电比例直接影响加工效率和加工精度，然而目前对间隙内放电点分布机理和规律缺乏直观认识，限制了其加工工艺水平的进一步提升。对此，通过观察实验和仿真分析，阐释放电点分布机理，结合放电图像与放电波形，研究电参数对底面间隙放电比例的影响规律。结果表明，受极间间隙内气泡动态演变和加工屑分布的影响，放电点由底面间隙局部位置产生后以蔓延的方式一直扩展至侧面间隙。各电参数下的底面间隙放电比例均随加工深度增加呈下降趋势；峰值电流对底面间隙放电比例的影响与加工深度相关，深度较浅时各峰值电流下放电比例接近，深度超过4 mm后峰值电流13.5 A下的底面间隙放电比例最大；随脉冲宽度增加底面间隙放电比例表现出先升高后降低的特点；对于开路电压而言，高压辅助击穿模式的加入使底面间隙放电比例有所下降，进而降低了加工效率。研究结果揭示了深窄槽电火花加工放电点在加工间隙中的分布机理与规律，为调整工艺参数、提高深窄槽电火花加工工艺水平提供新思路。

关键词: 电火花加工, 深窄槽, 放电点分布, 高速摄像, 仿真

Abstract: The discharge proportion of the bottom gap in EDM of deep and narrow slot directly affects the machining efficiency and precision. However, there is currently a lack of intuitive understanding of the discharge point distribution mechanism and law within the gap, which limits the further improvement of its machining technology level. For this problem, the discharge point distribution mechanism is explained through observation experiments and simulation analysis. Further combined with discharge images and waveforms, the influence law of electrical parameter on the discharge proportion of the bottom gap are studied. The results show that affected by the dynamic evolution of bubbles and the distribution of machining debris within the inter-electrode gap, the discharge point is generated from the local position of the bottom gap and spreads to the side gap. The discharge proportion of the bottom gap under each electrical parameter shows a decreasing trend with the increase of machining depth. The influence of peak current on the discharge ratio of bottom gap is related to the processing depth. When the depth is shallow, the discharge ratio is close under various peak currents. When the depth exceeds 4 mm, the maximum bottom gap discharge ratio is under the peak current of 13.5 A. With the increase of pulse width, the discharge proportion of the bottom gap shows a characteristic of first increasing and then decreasing. For open-circuit voltage, the introduction of the high-voltage auxiliary breakdown mode reduces the discharge proportion of the bottom gap, thereby reducing the machining efficiency. The results of the study reveal the distribution mechanism and law of the discharge point in the machining gap of deep and narrow slot EDM, which provides new ideas for adjusting the process parameters and improving the level of deep and narrow slot by EDM process.

Key words: electrical discharge machining (EDM), deep and narrow slot, discharge point distribution, high-speed observation, simulation

中图分类号:

V261

王津, 李晓东, 郭建梅, 何虎, 贾志新. 深窄槽电火花加工放电点分布机理与规律研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(13): 386-396.

WANG Jin, LI Xiaodong, GUO Jianmei, HE Hu, JIA Zhixin. Research on the Distribution Mechanism and Law of Discharge Points in EDM of Deep Narrow Slot[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(13): 386-396.

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