锂离子电池膨胀力试验台开发及试验验证

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.22.329

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为测试充放电过程中锂离子电池膨胀力，拟开发一台锂离子电池膨胀力测试试验台。试验台由机械结构部分和测控部分组成，其中由上/下电池固定垫片及电池所组成的测试系统是机械结构中的核心部分。首先为模拟不同结构固定垫片对测试系统散热性能影响，建立测试系统散热仿真模型，其中锂离子电池是基于电池纵横剖面建立的均质化模型，热源的体积功率经混合脉冲功率特性(Hybrid pulse power characteristic，HPPC)脉冲充放电测试后计算得到；其次建立整个试验台架的热力耦合有限元模型以分析不同结构垫片对电池膨胀力传递效率的影响，模型中将充放电过程中锂离子电池与试验台之间的相互作用简化为一个等效的热力耦合作用；然后采用短脉冲试验及膨胀力试验来验证仿真结果的有效性。最后基于开发的试验台，得到不同预载荷下的膨胀力-荷电状态(State of charge，SOC)曲线，为融合电池膨胀力的电池管理系统的开发提供基础数据。

关键词: 试验台架, 电池管理系统, 电池膨胀力, 数值仿真分析

Abstract: In order to test the bulk force of lithium-ion batteries during the process of charging and discharging, a lithium-ion battery bulk force test bench is proposed to be developed. The test bench is composed of a mechanical structure part and a measurement and control part. The test system composed of upper/lower battery fixing spacer and battery is the core part of the mechanical structure. Firstly, in order to simulate the influence of different structural spacer on the heat dissipation performance of the test system, the heat dissipation simulation model of the test system is established. The lithium-ion battery is a homogenization model based on the vertical and horizontal section of the battery, and the volume power of the heat source is calculated after HPPC pulse charge discharge test; Secondly, the coupled thermal-mechanical finite element model of the whole test bench is established to analyze the influence of different structural spacers on the bulk force transfer efficiency of the battery. In the model, the interaction between lithium-ion battery and the test bench under the process of charging and discharging is simplified as an equivalent coupled thermal- mechanical; Then short pulse tests and bulk force tests are used to verify the effectiveness of the simulation results. Finally, based on the developed test bench, the bulk force-state of charge(SOC) curves under different preloads are obtained, which provide basic data for the development of a battery management system integrating battery bulk force.

Key words: test bench, battery management system, battery bulk force, numerical simulation analysis

中图分类号:

U467

曲杰, 黄美华. 锂离子电池膨胀力试验台开发及试验验证[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(22): 329-339.

QU Jie, HUANG Meihua. Development and Test Verification of Lithium-ion Battery Bulk Force Test Bench[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(22): 329-339.

参考文献

[1] SAUERTEIG D，HANSELMANN N，ARZBERGER A，et al. Electrochemical-mechanical coupled modeling and parameterization of swelling and ionic transport in lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2018，378：235-247.
[2] WU Peihao，LYU Nawei，SONG Yuhang，et al. Li-ion battery failure warning methods for energy-storage systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering，2024，10(1)：86-100.
[3] LI Kuijie，LI Yalun，RUI Xinyu，et al. Experimental study on the effect of state of charge on failure propagation characteristics within battery modules[J]. Chinese Journal Eng.，2023，9(3)：3-14.
[4] 金建新，虞儒新，刘刚，等. 锂离子电池健康状态估算方法研究进展[J]. 电气工程学报，2024，19(1)：33-48. JIN Jianxin，YU Ruxin，LIU Gang，et al. Research progress on state-of-health estimating method for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2024，19(1)：33-48.
[5] WU Peihao，LYU Nawei，SONG Yuhang，et al. Li-ion battery failure warning methods for energy-storage systems[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering，2024，10(1)：86-100.
[6] 朱昱豪，汪腾，顾鑫，等. 锂离子电池全寿命周期个性化退役与评价方法[J]. 电气工程学报，2024，19(1)：79-86. ZHU Yuhao，WANG Teng，GU Xin，et al. Personalized retiring and assessing methods for lithium-ion batteries within the full lifespan[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2024，19(1)：79-86.
[7] LI Kuijie，LI Yalun，RUI Xinyu，et al. Experimental study on the effect of state of charge on failure propagation characteristics within battery modules[J]. Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering，2023，9(3)：3-14.
[8] 周航，刘晓龙，张梦迪，等. 基于简单循环单元的储能锂离子电池SOC和SOH联合估计方法[J]. 电气工程学报，2023，18(3)：332-340. ZHOU Hang，LIU Xiaolong，ZHANG Mengdi，et al. Joint SOC and SOH estimation method for energy storage lithium-ion batteries based on simple recurrent unit[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2023，18(3)：332-340.
[9] 龚奕畅，朱昱豪，顾鑫，等. 基于多参量的动力电池剩余使用价值定义与评价方法[J]. 电气工程学报，2024，19(1)：117-123. GONG Yichang，ZHU Yuhao，GU Xin，et al. Definition and evaluation method of surplus use value of power battery based on multi-parameters[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2024，19(1)：117-123.
[10] OH K Y，BI E，SIEGEL J B，et al. Phenomenological force and swelling models for rechargeable lithium-ion battery cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2016，310：118-129.
[11] OH K Y，NASSIM A，SAMAD，et al. A novel phenomenological multi-physics model of Li-ion battery cells[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2016，326：447-458.
[12] OH K Y，BI E．A phenomenological force model of Li- ion battery packs for enhanced performance and health manag ement[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2017，365：220-229.
[13] DAI H，YU C，WEI X，et al. State of charge estimation for lithium-ion pouch batteries based on stress measurement[J]. Energy，2017，129：16-27.
[14] WANG X，SONE Y，SEGAMI G，et al. Understanding volume change in lithium-ion cells during charging and discharging using in situ measurements[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2007，154(1)：14-21.
[15] BARAI A，TANGIRALA R，UDDIN K，et al. The effect of external compressive loads on the cycle lifetime of lithium-ion pouch cells[J]. Journal of Energy Storage，2017，13：211-219.
[16] YONG H C，HAE K L，SEO J H，et al. Development of standardized battery pack for next generation PHEVs in considering the eect of external pressure on lithium-Ion pouch cells[J]. SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains，2018，7(3)：195-205.
[17] PEABODY C，ARNOLD C B. The role of mechanically induced separator creep in lithium-ion battery capacity fade[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2011，196(19)：8147-8153.
[18] CAI T，STEFANOPOULOU A G，SIEGEL J B. Modeling Li-ion battery temperature and expansion force during the early stages of thermal runaway triggered by internal shorts[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society，2019，166(12)：A2431-A2443.
[19] DEICH T，STORCH M，STEINER K，et al. Effects of module stiffness and initial compression on lithium-ion cell aging[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2021，506：230163.
[20] LI Y，WEI C，SHENG Y，et al. Swelling force in lithium-ion power batteries[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2020，59(27)：12313-12318.
[21] KWAK E，SON D S，JEONG S，et al. Characterization of the mechanical responses of a LiFePO₄ battery under different operating conditions[J]. Journal of Energy Storage，2020，28：101269.
[22] 罗海灵. 机械滥用下的锂离子软包电池结构失效机理与建模研究[D]. 北京：清华大学，2018. LUO Hailing. Research on the failure mechanism and modeling of lithium ion soft pack battery structure under mechanical abuse[D]. Beijing：Tsinghua University，2018.
[23] OH K Y，EPUREANU B I. Characterization and modeling of the thermal mechanics of lithium-ion battery cells[J]. Applied Energy，2016，178：633-646.
[24] OH K Y，EPUREANU B I. A novel thermal swelling model for a rechargeable lithium-ion battery cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources，2016，303：86-96.
[25] 杨淞元，田勇，田劲东. 基于iCEEMDAN和迁移学习的锂离子电池SOH估计[J]. 电气工程学报，2022，17(4)：2-10. YANG Songyuan，TIAN Yong，TIAN Jindong. State of health estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on iCEEMDAN and transfer learning[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2022，17(4)：2-10.
[26] 方德宇，楚潇，刘涛，等. 基于数据-模型驱动的锂离子电池健康状态估计[J]. 电气工程学报，2022，17(4)：20-31. FANG Deyu，CHU Xiao，LIU Tao，et al. Research on health assessment method of lithium-ion battery based on data-model hybrid drive[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2022，17(4)：20-31.
[27] 刘王泽宇，李青，庾甜甜，等. 锂离子电池过放电状态的阻抗特性研究[J]. 电气工程学报，2022，17(4)：51-60. LIU Wangzeyu，LI Qing，YU Tiantian，et al. Study on impedance characteristics of lithium-ion battery in over discharge state[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering，2022，17(4)：51-60.
[28] SAMAD N A，SIEGEL J B，STEFANOPOULOU A G. Parameterization and validation of a distributed coupled electro-thermal model for prismatic cells[C]// Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers，2014，46193：V002T23A006.
[29] DAI H，YU C，WEI X，et al. State of charge estimation for lithium-ion pouch batteries based on stress measurement[J]. Energy，2017，129：16-27.
[30] SAMAD N A，WANG B，SIEGEL J B，et al. Parameterization of battery electrothermal models coupled with finite element flow models for cooling[J]. Journal of Dynamic Systems，Measurement，and Control，2017，139(7)：071003.
[31] OMAR M A. The automotive body manufacturing systems and processes[M]. Chichester：John Wiley & Sons Ltd.，2011.