废旧晶体硅光伏组件回收技术研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.07.307

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着全球光伏产业的蓬勃发展，光伏组件作为光伏电站中最关键的部件，面临着大规模的资源流失及重金属在环境中的扩散问题，回收报废光伏组件中所含的二次资源将成为解决环境污染问题、推动光伏行业可持续发展的重要途径。为实现光伏组件的高效拆解和解离，采用热、机械和化学等处理工艺备受研究者们关注。在综合分析太阳能电池回收完整性的基础上，提出了晶体硅光伏组件的两种回收技术路线——废旧组件的电池无损回收路线和成分综合回收路线。对电池无损回收路线中不同的分层工艺进行了深入分析，总结归纳了电池硅片破损的原因，着重讨论了光伏组件低温破碎及高压脉冲破碎最新的研究成果、反应机理等。同时，对废旧光伏组件材料的回收再利用、经济性及环境性分析进行了系统的综述。最后，对废旧光伏组件资源化回收的发展趋势及前景进行了展望，为未来研发更加绿色高效的回收工艺提供参考。

关键词: 晶体硅光伏组件, 废旧光伏组件, 资源回收, 电池硅片, 电池无损回收, 成分综合回收

Abstract: The PV modules, as the key components of PV power generation, have been facing large-scale resource loss and the diffusion of heavy metals in the environment with the vigorous development of global photovoltaic (PV) industry. Recovery of secondary resources contained in end-of-life (EoL) PV modules will become an indispensable way to solve the environmental pollution problem and to promote the sustainable development of the PV industry. The thermal, mechanical and chemical treatment processes are used for carrying out the disassembly and dissociation of PV modules, which have been paid attention to by the researchers. The recycling methods can be classified into two types based on the analysis of the existed recycling technologies are proposed. The two types are cell-nondestructive recycling and component-integrated recycling technologies respectively. The different layering processes are presented for the cell-nondestructive recycling technologies, and the causes are analyzed for breaking the cell silicon wafer. Especially, the low-temperature crushing and high voltage fragmentation technologies are discussed to carry out the disassembly of waste PV modules. The reutilization of EoL PV module materials, the economic and environmental analysis are systematically reviewed. Finally, the developing trend and prospect of recycling of EoL PV modules are put forward, which provides the references for the development of a cleaner and more efficient recycling process in the future.

Key words: crystalline silicon PV modules, EoL PV modules, resource recovery, cell silicon wafer, cell nondestructive recycling, component integrated recycling

中图分类号:

X705

吴智朋, 高德东, 王珊, 魏晓旭, 邵明玺, 辛元庆. 废旧晶体硅光伏组件回收技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(7): 307-329.

WU Zhipeng, GAO Dedong, WANG Shan, WEI Xiaoxu, SHAO Mingxi, XIN Yuanqing. A Review on Recycling Technology of End-of-life Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(7): 307-329.

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