• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (14): 296-307.doi: 10.3901/JME.2022.14.296

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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高速移动载荷下的轨道振动特性

关庆华, 王文波, 温泽峰, 金学松   

  1. 西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-13 修回日期:2022-06-10 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-09-07
  • 作者简介:关庆华,男,1981年出生,讲师。主要研究方向为车辆轨道动力学与轮轨关系。E-mail:guan_qh@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划(2021YFH0006)和牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题(2020TPL-T02)资助项目。

Vibration Behaviour of Railway Track under High Speed Moving Load

GUAN Qinghua, WANG Wenbo, WEN Zefeng, JIN Xuesong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031
  • Received:2021-10-13 Revised:2022-06-10 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-09-07

摘要: 考虑高速移动载荷作用下轨道结构的离散轨枕支撑、钢轨剪切变形及转动惯量对轨道振动响应的影响,建立基于Timoshenko梁的双层黏弹性离散支撑轨道振动模型,利用Fourier变换法求解具有周期性支撑的轨道响应,通过与文献中试验结果对比,验证其在固定简谐载荷下计算结果的正确性。研究表明,轨枕的离散支撑使得轨道刚度呈现周期性变化,跨中最小,轨枕上方最大,形成高速轮轨系统的参数激扰;移动载荷作用使轨道系统呈现以速度为变量的共振特性,载荷原点导纳随车速提高先增大后减小,此外,低速时轨道振动响应最大值出现在载荷点位置,随着速度提高,最大轨道振动响应滞后于载荷点;移动载荷使得轨道系统各阶振动主频出现变化:低阶振动主频随速度提高而降低,达到一定速度时降低为0,之后又随速度提高而上升;高阶振动主频也随速度提高而非线性下降;由于移动载荷的多普勒效应,轨枕离散支撑引起pinned-pinned共振和反共振出现上、下分叉,分叉频率偏移量为轨枕通过频率之半。基于Fourier变换法实现高速移动载荷下的轨道振动响应分析,为高速轨道系统设计提供参考。

关键词: 铁路轨道, 振动, 高速移动载荷, 固有频率

Abstract: Considering the effects of discrete sleeper support, shear deformation and rotary inertia of the rail on the track vibration response under high speed moving load, a track vibration model including double-layer viscoelastic discrete supports and an infinite Timoshenko rail beam is established. The response of track with periodic supports is solved by the Fourier transform method. Compared with the experimental results in the literature, the correctness of the calculation results obtained by the presented method under fixed harmonic loads is verified. It is shown that the track stiffness changes periodically due to the discrete sleeper support, with the smallest in the middle of sleeper span and the largest above the sleeper, which forms a parametric excitation of high-speed wheel-rail system. Meanwhile, the track system exhibits resonance characteristics with respect to speed under moving load, in which the driving-point receptance increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of speed. In addition, the maximum track vibration response appears at the position of the load point at low speed, however, it lags behind the load point as the speed increases. The moving of the load changes the dominant frequency of the track system at each order. The dominant frequency of low-order vibration decreases with respect to the increase of speed firstly, and then increases with the increase of speed, as a result, the low-order natural frequency is zero in certain speed ranges. The dominant frequency of higher-order vibration also decreases nonlinearly with the increase of speed. Both the pinned-pinned resonance and the anti-resonance are bifurcated to up and down branches due to the Doppler effect induced by the moving load and the discrete support of the sleepers, and the bifurcation frequency offset is half of the sleeper passing frequency. The Fourier transform method is used to realize the analysis of track vibration response under high-speed moving load, which provided a reference for the design of high-speed track system.

Key words: railway track, vibration, high speed moving load, natural frequency

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