真实事故中通过制动控制降低人地碰撞损伤的潜在效益及时空约束

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.22.266

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (22): 266-276.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.22.266

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真实事故中通过制动控制降低人地碰撞损伤的潜在效益及时空约束

邹铁方^1,2, 刘期^1,2, 刘朱紫^2,3, 胡林^1,2

1. 长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院长沙 410114;
2. 长沙理工大学工程车辆安全性设计与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室长沙 410114;
3. 长沙民政职业技术学院医学院 410004

收稿日期:2020-11-25 修回日期:2021-08-23 出版日期:2021-11-20 发布日期:2022-02-28
通讯作者: 胡林(通信作者),男,1978年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为车辆动力学控制与智能化、交通事故深入调查及预防。E-mail:hulin@csust.edu.cn
作者简介:邹铁方,男,1982年出生,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为交通事故再现、交通安全。E-mail:tiefang@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51775056，52172399）、湖南省重点研发计划（2020SK2099）、湖南省教育厅优秀青年（19B035）和长沙市重点研发计划（kq2004066）资助项目。

Potential Benefits and Constraints of Reducing Ground Related Injury by Controlling Vehicle Braking in Real World Vehicle-pedestrian Accidents

ZOU Tiefang^1,2, LIU Qi^1,2, LIU Zhuzi^2,3, HU Lin^1,2

1. School of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114;
2. Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114;
3. Medicine School of Changsha Social Work College, Changsha 410004

Received:2020-11-25 Revised:2021-08-23 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2022-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究制动控制在降低人地碰撞损伤方面的潜在效益及其时空约束，首先从前期积累的事故数据库中筛选出139例真实的人车碰撞事故，利用PC-Crash对所有事故进行再现，再通过控制车辆制动以降低人地碰撞损伤，最后采集人体各部位损伤、头车与头地碰撞位置及制动控制过程中的时空约束等信息。分析结果显示，在真实事故中人车首次接触后车辆完全制动与否不会对人体损伤造成显著影响；通过制动控制能够显著降低头、臀与地面碰撞所致损伤，并能降低头车、头地碰撞位置的重合率，且不会加重车辆所致损伤；但要求车辆在较短时间内做出判断以正确控制车辆，且8.4%的案例在现实中未有足够空间让车辆实施制动控制。

关键词: 人车碰撞事故, 制动控制, 事故再现, 人地碰撞损伤, PC-Crash

Abstract: Axial and circumferential forces affect the performance of the wet clutch in the wide speed range. Aiming at the evolution of drag torque and axial force inside wet clutch, according to the simplified structure of the wet clutch system, a model experimental device for the visualization of the flow field and the force test of the wet clutch is developed. The evolution process of the flow field is analyzed through the experimental test. The parameter effects on the torque and axial force is obtained. The results indicate that the flow field consists of two main flow patterns:the full liquid flow and the gas-liquid stratified flow. A stable boundary can be formed between the full liquid phase and the full gas phase. With the increase of the rotating speed, the decrease of the flow rate and the increase of the disk clearance, the oil volume fraction in the flow field decreases. The two-phase boundary moves inward. The flow rate and the disk clearance have a significant effect on the turning point of the drag torque. The reducing of the flow rate and the increasing of the clearance can reduce the rotation speed of the turning point. With the increase of the rotating speed, the decrease of the flow rate and the increase of the disk clearance, the axial force shows a downward trend. Around the turning point of the drag torque, the direction of the axial force changes. The axial force almost reduces to zero with the further increase of the rotating speed.

Key words: pedestrian-vehicle accident, controlling vehicle braking, accident reconstruction, ground related injury, PC-Crash

中图分类号:

U461

邹铁方, 刘期, 刘朱紫, 胡林. 真实事故中通过制动控制降低人地碰撞损伤的潜在效益及时空约束[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(22): 266-276.

ZOU Tiefang, LIU Qi, LIU Zhuzi, HU Lin. Potential Benefits and Constraints of Reducing Ground Related Injury by Controlling Vehicle Braking in Real World Vehicle-pedestrian Accidents[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(22): 266-276.

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真实事故中通过制动控制降低人地碰撞损伤的潜在效益及时空约束

Potential Benefits and Constraints of Reducing Ground Related Injury by Controlling Vehicle Braking in Real World Vehicle-pedestrian Accidents

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