• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (13): 83-101.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.13.083

• 机器人及机构学 • 上一篇    下一篇

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火星壤采样探测技术研究进展与发展趋势

姚智晓1, 晁超越1, 郭浩语1, 张涛1, 徐坤2, 丁希仑2, 赵曾3, 庞勇3, 邓剑峰4, 管贻生1   

  1. 1. 广东工业大学机电工程学院 广州 510006;
    2. 北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院 北京 100191;
    3. 中国空间技术研究院北京卫星制造厂有限公司 北京 100094;
    4. 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院 上海 201204
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-18 修回日期:2020-12-25 出版日期:2021-08-31 发布日期:2021-08-31
  • 通讯作者: 张涛(通信作者),男,1990年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为星球采样机器人。E-mail:tzhang@gdut.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:姚智晓,男,1995年出生。主要研究方向为火星壤采样装置。E-mail:yzx_sunshine@126.com;晁超越,男,1998年出生。主要研究方向为钻探采样装置。E-mail:chaochaoyue6@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51905105)、广东省自然科学基金(2020A1515011262)和机器人技术与系统国家重点实验室开放研究项目(SKLRS-2020-KF-12)资助项目

Progress and Perspective of Martian Regolith-sampling Technology

YAO Zhixiao1, CHAO Chaoyue1, GUO Haoyu1, ZHANG Tao1, XU Kun2, DING Xilun2, ZHAO Zeng3, PANG Yong3, DENG Jianfeng4, GUAN Yisheng1   

  1. 1. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006;
    2. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191;
    3. Beijing Spacecrafts, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing 100094;
    4. Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204
  • Received:2020-06-18 Revised:2020-12-25 Online:2021-08-31 Published:2021-08-31

摘要: 在火星探测任务中,火星壤探测的有效性和重要性突显了对火星壤采样探测技术的迫切需求。对人类至今为止的45次火星探测任务进行了集中化和图形化综合,阐述了四种火星探测方式:飞掠探测、环绕探测、着陆原位探测和着陆巡视探测。在阐述了各国/机构的火星壤采样探测技术及设备的工作机理、参数性能和发展现状,以及各国未来的火星探测计划的基础上,对目前已采用的火星壤采样探测方法进行了对比、分析及评价,并阐述了六种火星壤采样探测方法:铲挖式、钻取式、穿透式、鼹鼠式、研磨式和爪簧式。进一步对火星壤采样探测面临的地球资源约束、火星环境约束、火星地质约束和通讯时延约束四类关键技术难点和挑战做出了分析。最后,对火星壤采样探测技术的范围扩大化、需求多样化、策略长远化和实现智能化四类发展趋势做出了展望。

关键词: 火星壤采样, 火星探测, 星壤采样器, 深空探测

Abstract: In Martian exploration missions, the effectiveness and importance of Martian regolith exploration highlights the critical requirements for Martian regolith-sampling technology. Forty-five Martian exploration missions which have been carried out by human beings are comprehensively and graphically described. Four Mars exploration methods are described:flying, orbiting, landing in-situ detection and roving inspection. On the basis of expounding the working mechanism, parameter and performance, and development status of Martian regolith sampling and exploration technology and equipment of various countries and institutions, as well as the forthcoming Mars exploration plans, the advantages and disadvantages of the currently used Martian regolith sampling and exploration methods are compared, analyzed, and evaluated, and six kinds of Martian regolith sampling detection methods are described:excavating, drilling, penetrating, mole-inspired, grinding and grabbing. The four critical technological difficulties and challenges faced in Martian regolith-sampling exploration are analyzed, including terrestrial resources constraints, Martian environmental constraints, Martian geological constraints and communication delay constraints. Finally, four development trends of Martian regolith sampling and exploration technology, such as expanding the scope of sampling, diversification of sampling requirements, long-term sampling strategy, and intelligent sampling realization are prospected.

Key words: Martian soil sampling, Mars exploration, planetary soil sampler, deep space exploration

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