低温对受电弓气动性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.02.190

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 190-199.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.02.190

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低温对受电弓气动性能的影响

史佳伟, 李牧皛, 张淑敏, 杨世均, 葛帅, 圣小珍

西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室成都 610031

收稿日期:2020-08-23 修回日期:2020-12-10 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-03-15
通讯作者: 圣小珍(通信作者),男,1962年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轨道交通振动噪声。E-mail:shengxiaozhen@hotmail.com
作者简介:史佳伟,男,1995年出生。主要研究方向为高速列车气动噪声。E-mail:sjw7001@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划战略性国际科技创新合作重点专项（2016YFE0205200）和国家自然科学基金委员会—中国国家铁路集团有限公司高速铁路基础研究联合基金（U1834201）资助项目。

Effect of Low Temperature on Aerodynamic Performance of Pantograph

SHI Jiawei, LI Muxiao, ZHANG Shumin, YANG Shijun, GE Shuai, SHENG Xiaozhen

State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031

Received:2020-08-23 Revised:2020-12-10 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-03-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究低温对受电弓气动力和气动噪声的影响，基于三维可压缩黏性流体模型对速度200 km/h、300 km/h和400 km/h，温度-50℃、-20℃和15℃条件下受电弓周围流场进行数值模拟，并应用Ffowcs-Williams/Hawkings （FW-H）方程计算受电弓远场气动噪声。在此基础上分析了受电弓气动力和气动噪声随温度的变化规律以及气体压缩性的影响。研究结果表明，随着温度降低，受电弓所受压差阻力和黏性阻力均增大。环境温度由15℃降至-20℃和-50℃时，总的气动阻力增幅分别为14%和30%。速度越高，温度对气动阻力的影响越显著。在低温环境下，受电弓顶部部件气动升力波动更加剧烈，对受流质量有不利影响。低温导致受电弓表面脉动压力幅值增大且波动更加剧烈从而使远场气动噪声增大。在400 km/h速度下，环境温度由15℃降至-20℃和-50℃时，距受电弓7.5 m的水平半圆上的测点声压级分别平均增大约1.4 dB和3.2 dB，但不同温度下的气动噪声频谱特征相似。不同速度下温度降低引起的气动噪声声压级增长量相差较小。环境温度变化导致的空气密度变化是影响不同温度下受电弓气动力和气动噪声的主要因素。在上述计算条件下，使用不可压缩模型计算受电弓气动力和气动噪声声压级也可以获得较为精确的结果。

关键词: 高速列车, 受电弓, 低温, 气动力, 气动噪声, FW-H方程

Abstract: In order to investigate the effect of low temperature on aerodynamic force and aerodynamic noise of pantograph. The flow field around pantograph is simulated under the conditions of speed at 200 km/h, 300 km/h and 400 km/h, temperature at -50℃, -20℃ and 15℃ based on the three-dimensional compressible viscous fluid model, and the far field aerodynamic noise of pantograph is calculated by Ffowcs-Williams/Hawkings (FW-H) equation. Then the variation laws of pantograph aerodynamic force and aerodynamic noise at different temperatures and the effect of gas compressity are analyzed. The results show that the pressure resistance and viscous resistance of pantograph increase with the decrease of temperature, and the total resistance increases by 14% and 30% respectively when the ambient temperature decreases from 15℃ to -20℃ and -50℃. And the higher the velocity is, the more significant the influence of temperature on aerodynamic drag is. In low temperature environment, the fluctuation of aerodynamic lift of pantograph top components is more intense, which has a negative impact on the current collecting quality. Low temperature causes the increase of fluctuating pressure amplitude on pantograph surface and makes pressure fluctuation more intense, which leads to the increase of far-field aerodynamic noise. At the speed of 400 km/h, compared with that at 15℃, the sound pressure level of measuring points on a horizontal semi-circle with a distance of 7.5 m from the pantograph at -20℃ increase about 1.4 dB on average and about 3.2 dB at -50℃ on average. However, the spectrum characteristics of aerodynamic noise at different temperatures are similar. The difference of the increase of sound pressure level caused by the decrease of temperature at different speeds is small. Air density change caused by ambient temperature change is the main factor affecting pantograph aerodynamic force and aerodynamic noise at different temperatures. Under the calculation conditions above, relative accurate results of aerodynamic drag and noise sound pressure level of the pantograph can also be obtained by using incompressible model.

Key words: high speed train, pantograph, low temperature, aerodynamic force, aerodynamic noise, FW-H equation

中图分类号:

U238
U270

史佳伟, 李牧皛, 张淑敏, 杨世均, 葛帅, 圣小珍. 低温对受电弓气动性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(2): 190-199.

SHI Jiawei, LI Muxiao, ZHANG Shumin, YANG Shijun, GE Shuai, SHENG Xiaozhen. Effect of Low Temperature on Aerodynamic Performance of Pantograph[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(2): 190-199.

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低温对受电弓气动性能的影响

Effect of Low Temperature on Aerodynamic Performance of Pantograph

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