变轨距高速列车的动力学

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.20.098

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速列车通过改变轮对的内侧距实现在不同轨距线路上联运,而轮轴装配间隙及轨距、轨底坡、钢轨廓形等参数变化将引起轮轨接触关系改变,进而引起车辆动力学性能变化。分析我国两种高速踏面在准轨和宽轨线路上的轮轨接触关系发现,轨底坡由1/40变为1/20时,LMA踏面等效锥度降低约30%,LMB 10踏面可兼容两种轨底坡,磨耗后的踏面对轨底坡变化更敏感。理论公式推导表明准轨和宽轨线路上自由轮对、刚性和柔性定位转向架的蛇行频率相同,但含轮轴间隙的变轨距高速列车动力学模型仿真表明,间隙导致宽轨线路上的车辆稳定性略差,间隙达到0.6 mm时发生低速小幅蛇行;间隙对车辆运行安全性和平稳性影响仅9%。因宽轨线路的欠超高量大和车辆稳定性差,其运行安全性和横向平稳性比准轨差15%和38%。间隙横向力与轮轨横向力幅值相同但反向,造成轮对内侧距动态变化;左右侧旋转间隙扭矩的幅值相同但反向,在纵向蠕滑力作用下间隙压死-分离状态反复。研究成果有助于掌握变轨距转向架的轮对内侧距动态变化、间隙载荷和车辆动力学性能。

关键词: 变轨距, 轮轨关系, 动力学, 蛇行稳定性, 轮轴间隙

Abstract: The high-speed train change its wheel back-to-back distance to run on tracks with different track gauge, while the wheel-axle clearance and the change in track gauge, rail cant and rail profile would change wheel/rail contact relationship, thus change the vehicle dynamics behavior. The wheel/rail interaction and vehicle behavior of Chinese high-speed railway vehicle with two different wheel treads on the standard-and wide-gauge track system types are stimulated respectively. The equivalent conicity of LMA drops by about 30% when the rail cant changes to 1/20 from 1/40, while LMB 10 is well matched with both rail cant. The conicity of worn treads is more sensitive to the rail cant than the standard ones. Theoretical analysis shows that the hunting frequency of a free wheelset on the standardand wide-gauge track are equivalent, and it remains the same for a bogie with and without suspension. While numerical simulations state that the running stability of vehicle on wide-gauge track gets slightly worse compared to that on the standard-gauge track, which suffers small amplitude hunting with a 0.6 mm wheel-axle clearance. The wheel-axle clearance has a maximum effect of 9% on the running safety and ride comfort, which can be neglected in usual dynamic analysis. Whereas the running safety and lateral ride comfort get worse by 15% and 38%, respectively, with respect to that on the standard-gauge track due to the larger cant deficiency and worse stability on wide-gauge track. Additionally, the lateral interacting force between the wheel and axle has close amplitude with the wheel/rail contact force but opposite direction, and this leads to the variation in the wheel back-to-back distance when running. The rotational clearance of wheel/axle interaction leads to rotation torque on left and right wheel with same amplitude and opposite direction, and it goes contact and separation repeatedly under the influence of longitudinal wheel/rail contact force. It is part of the base to predict and understand the vehicle dynamics behavior of a high-speed gauge-changeable vehicle in field, and the variation of wheel back-to-back distance and clearance forces when running.

Key words: gauge change, wheel/rail interaction, vehicle dynamics, stability, wheel/axle clearance

中图分类号:

U211

石怀龙, 郭金莹, 王勇. 变轨距高速列车的动力学[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(20): 98-105.

SHI Huailong, GUO Jinying, WANG Yong. Dynamic Performance of High-speed Gauge-changeable Railway Vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(20): 98-105.

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