Large-area Transparent Electrodes Fabricated by Combining the Electric-field-driven Fusion Deposition Direct Writing and Micro-transfer

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.23.216

Abstract

Abstract: Transparent conductive electrodes(TCEs) have a wide range of applications in touch screens, OLED, organic solar cells, electronic paper, LCD, transparent display, transparent electromagnetic shielding, etc. However, how to realize the low-cost and mass production of large-area TCEs is a challenging issue in academia and industry. A novel large-area TCEs manufacturing method by combining the electric-field driven fusion deposition direct writing and the liquid bridge transfer is proposed. A series of experiments are conducted to reveal the influence laws of process parameters (printing bed temperature, surface tension of functional materials, and curing parameters) for TCEs fabricated. Based on the proposed method and the optimized process parameters, a high-resolution mesh TCE which has a 20 mm×20 mm area, an average line width of 4 μm, a period of 200 μm, the transmittance of 88.15%, and sheet resistance of 12 Ω/sq has been successfully manufactured. The results show that the proposed method provides a promising solution for mass producing large-area TCEs with high resolution, low cost.

Key words: transparent conductive electrode, electric-field-drive, direct writing, micro-transfer printing, additive manufacturing

CLC Number:

TG156

XU Quan, LAN Hongbo, ZHAO Jiawei, YANG Kun, ZHU Xiaoyang. Large-area Transparent Electrodes Fabricated by Combining the Electric-field-driven Fusion Deposition Direct Writing and Micro-transfer[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(23): 216-225.

References

[1] ELLMER K. Past achievements and future challenges in the development of optically transparent electrodes[J]. Nature Photonics, 2012, 6(12):809-817.
[2] FANG Y, WU Z, LI J, et al. High-performance hazy silver nanowire transparent electrodes through diameter tailoring for semitransparent photovoltaics[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(9):1705409.
[3] 刘海燕,张为国,周秀丽. 柔性纳米金属网格透明电极及其应用[J]. 中国激光, 2014(s1):s106001. LIU Haiyan, ZHANG Weiguo, ZHOU Xiuli. Flexible nano metal-grid transparent electrode and its application[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2014(s1):s106001.
[4] CHUNG S I, KYEOM K P, HA T G. Ag paste-based nanomesh electrodes for large-area touch screen panels[J]. Journal of Micromechanics & Microengineering, 2017, 27(10):105019.
[5] CAO W, LI J, CHEN H, et al. Transparent electrodes for organic optoelectronic devices:A review[J]. Journal of Photonics for Energy, 2014, 4(1):040990.
[6] JUNG S, LEE S, SONG M, et al. Extremely flexible transparent conducting electrodes for organic devices[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2014, 4(1):1-8.
[7] GONG S, CHENG W. One-dimensional nanomaterials for soft electronics[J]. Advanced Electronic Materials, 2017, 3(3):1600314.
[8] 白盛池,汪海风,杨辉,等. 转印法制备薄膜太阳能电池用银纳米线-聚合物复合透明导电薄膜[J]. 硅酸盐学报, 2018, 46(3):347-353. BAI Shengchi, WANG Haifeng, YANG Hui, et al. Preparation of silver nanowire-polymer composite transparent conductive films by transfer method for thin film solar cells[J]. Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2018, 46(3):347-353.
[9] CAI C, JIA F, LI A, et al. Crackless transfer of large-area graphene films for superior-performance transparent electrodes[J]. Carbon, 2016, 98:457-462.
[10] 刘世丽,辛智青,李修,等. 导电材料在透明电极中的应用研究[J]. 功能材料与器件学报, 2015(4):13-18. LIU Shili, XIN Zhiqing, LI Xiu, et al. Application of conductive materials in transparent electrodes[J]. Journal of Functional Materials and Devices, 2015(4):13-18.
[11] LEE Y, MIN S Y, KIM T S, et al. Versatile metal nanowiring platform for large-scale nano- and opto-electronic devices[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(41):9109-9116.
[12] 齐亮飞,朱超挺,杨晔,等. 金属网格透明导电薄膜研究现状与应用分析[J]. 材料导报, 2015, 29(17):31-36. QI Liangfei, ZHU Chaoting, YANG Ye, et al. Progress on metal mesh transparent conductive coatings and its applications[J]. Materials Review, 2015, 29(17):31-36.
[13] IWAHASHI T, YANG R, OKABE N, et al. Nanoimprint-assisted fabrication of high haze metal mesh electrode for solar cells[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(22):163-2154.
[14] KHAN A, LEE S, JANG T, et al. High-performance flexible transparent electrode with an embedded metal mesh fabricated by cost-effective solution process[J]. Small, 2016, 12(22):3021-3030.
[15] HOKARI R, KURIHARA K, TAKADA N, et al. Development of simple high-resolution embedded printing for transparent metal grid conductors[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2017, 111(6):063107.
[16] BURGUÉS-CEBALLOS I, KEHAGIAS N, SOTOMAYOR-TORRES C M, et al. Embedded inkjet printed silver grids for ITO-free organic solar cells with high fill factor[J]. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2014, 127(4):50-57.
[17] MAURER J H M, GONZÁLEZGARCÍA L, REISER B, et al. Templated self-assembly of ultrathin gold nanowires by nanoimprinting for transparent flexible electronics[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(5):2921-2925.
[18] 杨春和,唐爱伟,滕枫. 气溶胶喷墨打印在有机器件制备中的应用[J]. 液晶与显示, 2012, 27(6):765-769. YANG Chunhe, TANG Aiwei, TENG Feng. Aerosol jet printing and its application in organic devices[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2012, 27(6):765-769.
[19] 兰红波,李涤尘,卢秉恒. 微纳尺度3D打印[J]. 中国科学:技术科学, 2015, 45(9):919-940. LAN Hongbo, LI Dichen, LU Bingheng. Micro-and nanoscale 3D printing[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2015, 45(9):919-940.
[20] 康建峰,王玲,孙畅宁,等. 面向3D打印可变模量金属假体的微结构设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2017, 53(5):175-179. KANG Jianfeng, WANG Ling, SUN Changning, et al. Microstructure design for 3D printed metal prosthesis of adjustable modulus[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2017, 53(5):175-179.
[21] LEE B, CHO Y, LEE H, et al. High-resolution patterning of aluminum thin films with a water-mediated transfer process[J]. Advanced Materials, 2010, 19(13):1714-1718.
[22] HWANG J K, CHO S, DANG J M, et al. Direct nanoprinting by liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer moulding[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2010, 5(10):742-748.
[23] PARK K S, DANG J M, SUNG M M, et al. One-step fabrication of nanowire-grid polarizers using liquid-bridge-mediated nanotransfer molding[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2012, 7(1):1-5.
[24] CHAUDHURY M K, WHITESIDES G M. Direct measurement of interfacial interactions between semispherical lenses and flat sheets of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and their chemical derivatives[J]. Langmuir, 1991, 7(5):1013-1025.
[25] 李增辉,兰红波,刘红忠,等. 大面纳米积压印揭开式脱模建模与模拟[J]. 中国科学:技术科学,2014,44(10):1087-1096. LI Zenghui, LAN Hongbo, LIU Hongzhong, et al. Theory and simulations of peel demolding for large-area nanoimprint lithography[J]. Scientia Sinica Technologica, 2014, 44(10):1087-1096.
[26] 兰红波,郭良乐,许权,等. 大面积纳米压印光刻晶圆级复合软模具制造[J]. 光学精密工程, 2018, 26(4):894-905. LAN Hongbo, GUO Liangle, XU Quan, et al. Wafer-level composite mold for large-area nanoimprint lithography[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2018, 26(4):894-905.
[27] JACKMAN R J, DUFFY D C, OSTUNI E, et al. Fabricating large arrays of microwells with arbitrary dimensions and filling them using discontinuous dewetting[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1998, 70(11):2280-2287.
[28] JEONG J A, KIM J, KIM H K. Ag grid/ITO hybrid transparent electrodes prepared by inkjet printing[J]. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 2011, 95(7):1974-1978.