Research and Development of Advanced Material Additive Manufacturing

doi:10.3901/JME.260069

Abstract

Abstract: Advanced materials are new materials with excellent properties, which are characterized by high strength, extreme temperature resistance, high biocompatibility, or special functions such as self-healing, shape memory and environmental response. Advanced materials have become the key foundation to support the development of high-end manufacturing. However, due to the high hardness, high melting point, high brittleness and other characteristics of advanced materials, the disadvantages of traditional processing methods are gradually revealed. The additive manufacturing technology based on material layer by layer cumulative forming is especially suitable for advanced materials to form complex three-dimensional structures, and has made significant progress in product development and industrial application. Therefore, a review of the research and development in additive manufacturing of advanced materials is provided. Firstly, the related concepts of advanced materials and additive manufacturing are elaborated, and the development prospect of their synergy is analyzed; Secondly, based on different forming principles, the development status and technical advantages of various advanced material additive manufacturing are introduced; Thirdly, the advanced material system is systematically reviewed, and its application status in additive manufacturing is summarized; Then the application status of the technology in different fields is shown, and the actual cases are listed; Finally, the existing problems of this technology are discussed, and the future development direction is prospected.

Key words: advanced materials, additive manufacturing, rapid prototyping, 3D printing

CLC Number:

LI Guiwei, CAO Qiyuan, WANG Jiaqing, ZHAO Yihang, WU Wenzheng. Research and Development of Advanced Material Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 15-45.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

URL: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/10.3901/JME.260069

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/EN/Y2026/V62/I3/15

References

[1] LIGON S， LISKA R，STAMPFL J，et al. Polymers for 3D printing and customized additive manufacturing[J]. Chemical Reviews，2017，117(15)：10212-90.
[2] ZHAO Lingling，ZHOU Yifan，ZHANG Jiaying，et al. Natural polymer-based hydrogels：From polymer to biomedical applications[J]. Pharmaceutics，2023，15(10)：2514.
[3] 张磊，刘哲，谭宗尚，等. 不同高性能工程树脂在玻璃纤维增强热塑性复合材料中的应用研究[J]. 纤维复合材料，2025，42(3)：40-45. ZHANG Lei，LIU Zhe，TAN Zongshang，et al. Research on the application of different high-performance engineering resins in glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites[J]. Fiber Composites，2025，42(3)：40-45.
[4] WANG Xiyue，HUANG Lijie，LI Yishan，et al. Research progress in polylactic acid processing for 3D printing[J]. J Manuf Process，2024，112：161-178.
[5] 周贵阳，李沃源，连明，等. 玻璃纤维增强聚苯硫醚树脂复合材料的制备与性能分析[J]. 化工管理，2024(25)：73-76. ZHOU Guiyang，LI Woyuan，LIAN Ming，et al. Preparation and performance analysis of glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide resin composites[J]. Chemical Enterprise Management，2024(25)：73-76.
[6] 王二平，谭宗尚，陆士强，等. 连续碳纤维织物增强PEEK热塑性复合材料匹配性研究[J]. 纤维复合材料，2022，39(1)：49-53. WANG Erping，TAN Zongshang，LU Shiqiang，et al. A study on the compatibility of continuous carbon fiber fabric reinforced PEEK thermoplastic composites[J]. Fiber Composites，2022，39(1)：49-53.
[7] 陶永亮，杨建京. 高分子材料3D打印应用与案例[J]. 橡塑技术与装备，2024，50(2)：35-41. TAO Yongliang，YANG Jianjing. Application and case of 3D printing for polymer materials[J]. China Rubber/Plastics Technology and Equipment，2024，50(2)：35-41.
[8] SHANNO K，MANGALA P，SHANMUGARAJAN T S，et al. 3D-printed polyurethane scaffolds for bone tissue engineering：Techniques and emerging applications[J]. Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine，2025，11：651-673.
[9] 顾冬冬，张红梅，陈洪宇，等. 航空航天高性能金属材料构件激光增材制造[J]. 中国激光，2020，47(5)：32-55. GU Dongdong，ZHANG Hongmei，CHEN Hongyu，et al. Aerospace high-performance metal component laser additive manufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers，2020，47(5)：32-55.
[10] 卢秉恒. 增材制造技术——现状与未来[J]. 中国机械工程，2020，31(1)：19-23. LU Bingheng. Additive manufacturing technology—current status and future[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2020，31(1)：19-23.
[11] 王佳坡，鲍梦媛，石宝东，等. 先进金属材料制备成形与质量管控理论技术研究[J]. 塑性工程学报，2022，29(10)：21-31. WANG Jiapo，BAO Mengyuan，SHI Baodong，et al. Advanced metal material preparation，forming and quality control theory and technology research[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering，2022，29(10)：21-31.
[12] 郑增，王联凤，严彪. 3D打印金属材料研究进展[J]. 上海有色金属，2016，37(1)：57-60. ZHENG Zeng，WANG Lianfeng，YAN Biao. Research progress of 3D printing metal materials[J]. Shanghai Nonferrous Metals，2016，37(1)：57-60.
[13] ALDAWOOD F. A comprehensive review of 4D printing：State of the arts，opportunities，and challenges[J]. Actuators，2023，12(3).
[14] CHU Honghui，YANG Wenguang，SUN Lujing，et al. 4D printing：A review on recent progresses[J]. Micromachines，2020，11(9)：796.
[15] 党乐，张梦雨，成艳娜，等. 3D打印技术在复合材料中的应用与发展[J]. 科技创新与应用，2022，12(24)：166-169. DANG Le，ZHANG Mengyu，CHENG Yanna，et al. Application and development of 3D printing technology in composites[J]. Technology Innovation and Application，2022，12(24)：166-169.
[16] 白鹤，苏亚辉，王核心，等. FDM 3D打印工艺参数对PLA制件力学性能的影响[J]. 工程塑料应用，2020，48(1)：68-71. BAI He，SU Yahui，WANG Hexin，et al. Effects of FDM 3D printing process parameters on mechanical properties of PLA components[J]. Engineering Plastics Application，2020，48(1)：68-71.
[17] DESAI H，SHAH N，SAIYAD M，et al. Polymers for 3D printing in biomedical engineering applications[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results，2022，13：1870-1880.
[18] KARAKURT I.，LIN L. 3D printing technologies：Techniques，materials，and post-processing[J]. Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering，2020，28：134-143.
[19] GAO Wei，ZHANG Yunbo，RAMANUJAN Devarajan，et al. The status，challenges，and future of additive manufacturing in engineering[J]. Computer-Aided Design，2015，69：65-89.
[20] RAFSANJANI A. Turning materials into robots[J]. Science，2022，376(6599)：1272-1273.
[21] FENG Yixiong，XU Junjun，ZENG Siyuan，et al. Controlled helical deformation of programmable bilayer structures：design and fabrication[J]. Smart Materials and Structures，2020，29(8)：085042.
[22] 张学军，唐思熠，肇恒跃，等. 3D打印技术研究现状和关键技术[J]. 材料工程，2016，44(2)：122-128. ZHANG Xuejun，TANG Siyi，ZHAO Hengyue，et al. Research status and key technologies of 3D printing[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering，2016，44(2)：122-128.
[23] ZHANG Wenjun，XU Chunguang，LI Cencheng，et al. Advances in ultrasonic-assisted directed energy deposition (DED) for metal additive manufacturing[J]. Crystals，2024，14(2)：114.
[24] 朱艳青，史继富，王雷雷，等. 3D打印技术发展现状[J]. 制造技术与机床，2015(12)：50-57. ZHU Yanqing，SHI Jifu，WANG Leilei，et al. Development status of 3D printing technology[J]. Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool，2015(12)：50-57.
[25] TOPRAK C.，DOGRUER C. A critical review of machine learning methods used in metal powder bed fusion process to predict part properties[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing，2024，25(2)：429-452.
[26] SVETLIZKY D.，ZHENG Baolong，VYATSKIKH A.，et al. Laser-based directed energy deposition (DED-LB) of advanced materials[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A，2022，840：142967.
[27] YANG Jianming，LU Jialu，HAN Dongxiao，et al. Direct ink writing of aerogels：Fundamentals，strategies，applications，and perspectives[J]. Progress in Materials Science，2025，152：101462.
[28] LI Jinhua，WU Chengtie，CHU P K，et al. 3D printing of hydrogels：Rational design strategies and emerging biomedical applications[J]. Materials Science & Engineering R，2020，140：100543.
[29] POURSHAMS M.，ELLIOTT A.，CHINNASAMY C.，et al. Process development of NiTi using binder jetting additive manufacturing：Investigation of the sintering process[J]. J Manuf Process，2024，127：671-682.
[30] DERMEIK B.，TRAVITZKY N. Laminated object manufacturing of ceramic-based materials[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials，2020，22(9)：2000256.
[31] KANTAROS A.，SOULIS E.，PETRESCU F.，et al. Advanced composite materials utilized in FDM/FFF 3D printing manufacturing processes：The case of filled filaments[J]. Materials，2023，16(18)：6210.
[32] EHRMANN G，BROCKHAGEN B，EHRMANN A. Shape-memory properties of 3D printed cubes from diverse PLA materials with different post-treatments[J]. Technologies，2021，9(4)：71.
[33] GENG Yi，HE Hui，LIU Hao，et al. Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(lactic acid) with improved printability and processability for fused deposition modeling[J]. Polymers for Advanced Technologies，2020，31(11)：2848-2862.
[34] 储浩，苏永生，刘剑，等. 基于FDM的3D打印连续纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能研究进展[J]. 复合材料学报，2025，42(9)：4903-4927. CHU Hao，SU Yongsheng，LIU Jian，et al. Research progress in mechanical properties of FDM-based 3D printed continuous fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J]. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica，2025，42(9)：4903-4927.
[35] CANO-VICENT A，TAMBUWALA M，HASSAN S，et al. Fused deposition modelling：Current status，methodology，applications and future prospects[J]. Additive Manufacturing，2021，47：102378.
[36] 任正鹤，何圳，陈少军. 形状记忆聚合物在4D打印技术中的应用进展[J]. 高分子材料科学与工程，2023，39(11)：182-190. REN Zhenghe，HE Zhen，CHEN Shaojun. Application progress of shape memory polymers in 4D printing technology[J]. Polymer Materials Science & Engineering，2023，39(11)：182-190.
[37] CHEN Daobing，LIU Qingping，GENG Peng，et al. A 4D printing strategy and integrated design for programmable electroactive shape-color double-responsive bionic functions[J]. Composites Science and Technology，2021，208：108746.
[38] 王军. 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体3D打印研究[D].北京：北京化工大学，2020. WANG Jun. Research on 3D printing of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer [D]. Beijing：Beijing University of Chemical Technology，2020.
[39] 唐雄风. 3D打印聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)多孔骨组织工程支架体外生物相容及成骨诱导性能的研究[D]. 长春：吉林大学，2020. TANG Xiongfeng. Study on in vitro biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of 3D printed polyetherimide (PEI) porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds [D]. Changchun：Jilin University，2020.
[40] 王勇刚，高文杰，吴学呈，等. 基于喷头切换系统的多色3D打印机设计[J].实验技术与管理，2022，39(12)：107-111，152. WANG Yonggang，GAO Wenjie，WU Xuecheng，et al. Design of a multi-color 3D printer based on a nozzle switching system[J]. Experimental Technology and Management，2022，39(12)：107-111，152.
[41] 林英辉. 多喷头FDM 3D打印机结构设计与运动仿真研究[D]. 天津：河北工业大学，2018. LIN Yinghui. Structural design and motion simulation study of a multi-nozzle FDM 3D printer[D]. Tianjin： Hebei University of Technology，2018.
[42] 冯韬，陈继飞，王超，等. FDM型多喷头3D打印机设计与分析[J]. 数字印刷，2020(5)：53-61. FENG Tao，CHEN Jifei，WANG Chao，et al. Design and analysis of an FDM type multi-nozzle 3D printer[J]. Digital Printing，2020(5)：53-61.
[43] JARLÖV A.，ZHU Zhiguang，JI Weiming，et al. Recent progress in high-entropy alloys for laser powder bed fusion：Design，processing，microstructure，and performance[J]. Materials Science & Engineering R，2024，161.
[44] ZHANG Laichang，LIU Yujing，LI Shujun，et al. Additive manufacturing of titanium alloys by electron beam melting：A review[J]. Advanced Engineering Materials，2018，20(5)：1700842.
[45] 朱卓宇. 选择性激光烧结快速成形的工艺改进[D]. 西安：西安科技大学，2011. ZHU Zhuoyu. Process improvement for selective laser sintering rapid prototyping [D]. Xi'an：Xi'an University of Science and Technology，2011.
[46] 杨森，钟敏霖，张庆茂，等. 激光快速成型金属零件的新方法[J]. 激光技术，2001(4)：254-257. YANG Seng，ZHONG Minglin，ZHANG Qingmao，et al. A new method for laser rapid prototyping of metal parts[J]. Laser Technology，2001(4)：254-257.
[47] 史玉升，闫春泽，魏青松，等. 选择性激光烧结3D打印用高分子复合材料[J]. 中国科学：信息科学，2015，45(02)：204-211. SHI Yusheng，YAN Chunze，WEI Qingsong，et al. Polymer composite materials for selective laser sintering 3D printing[J]. Scientia Sinica Informations，2015，45(02)：204-211.
[48] 郭洪飞，高文海，郝新，等. 选择性激光烧结原理及实例应用[J]. 新技术新工艺，2007(6)：60-62，63. GUO Hongfei，GAO Wenhai，HAO Xin，et al. Principle and practical application of selective laser sintering[J]. New Technology & New Process，2007(6)：60-62，,63.
[49] 曾锡琴，朱小蓉. 激光选区烧结成型材料的研究和应用现状[J]. 机械研究与应用，2005(6)：19-21. ZENG Xiqin，ZHU Xiaorong. Research and application status of laser selective area sintering molding materials[J]. Mechanical Research & Application，2005(6)：19-21.
[50] 潘琰峰. 316不锈钢金属粉末的选择性激光烧结成形研究[D]. 南京：南京航空航天大学，2005. PAN Yanfeng. Study on selective laser sintering of 316 stainless steel metal powder [D]. Nanjing：Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2005.
[51] 杨光，刘雪东，王琮玮，等. 基于温度场模拟的镁合金SLM元素烧损行为[J]. 航空学报，2022，43(4)：425-437. YANG Guang，LIU Xuedong，WANG Congwei，et al. Magnesium alloy SLM element burn-off behavior based on temperature field simulation[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica，2022，43(4)：425-437.
[52] 许勤，张坚. 选区激光烧结聚丙烯成型制件及增强的研究[J]. 应用激光，2014，34(3)：217-221. XU Qin，ZHANG Jian. Selective laser sintered polypropylene parts and reinforcement study[J]. Applied Laser，2014，34(3)：217-221.
[53] 杜新玉，刘仪，莫松，等. 选择性激光烧结成型热固性聚酰亚胺复合材料[EB/J]. (2025-04-03). 复合材料学报：1-9. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v= VkQzIsHyPdg7LA6lU9rlLGnb-VXisbr-8QYxRbc8c8Hzvq8HpJVeJFD8jSDnmBpD09LuF8vvW7IKqVkDvZP0QQRCixeT1McwcwgeA6aAe1rUVzxksiTC5Vl9_c-heS-jg1jj47vSkSNEtmpEwI3o1GyaVga_AqQv0kvDw0_F1PnsXv3C7DValw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS. DU Xinyu，LIU Yi，MO Song，et al. Selective laser sintered thermoset polyimide composites [EB/J]. (2025-04-03). Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica：1-9. https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=VkQzIsHyPdg7LA6lU9rlLGnb-VXisbr-8QYxRbc8c8Hzvq8HpJVeJFD8jSDnmBpD09LuF8vvW7IKqVkDvZP0QQRCixeT1McwcwgeA6aAe1rUVzxksiTC5Vl9_c-heS-jg1jj47vSkSNEtmpEwI3o1GyaVga_AqQv0kvDw0_F1PnsXv3C7DValw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[54] SCHARFF R，DOUBROVSKI E，POELMAN W，et al. Towards behavior design of a 3D-printed soft robotic hand[C]// Proceedings of the Soft Robotics Week - Trends，Applications and Challenges，Livorno，Italy，Apr 25-30，2016.
[55] XU Zhiyao，WANG Yue，WU Dingdi，et al. The process and performance comparison of polyamide 12 manufactured by multi jet fusion and selective laser sintering[J]. J Manuf Process，2019，47：419-426.
[56] 陈茂庆，张驰，乔首政，等. 基于双光子聚合3D打印的双层弹簧式法布里-珀罗压力传感器制备及传感特性研究[J]. 光学学报，2025，45(7)：283-292. CHEN Maoqing，ZHANG Chi，QIAO Shouzheng，et al. Fabrication and sensing characteristics of a dual-layer spring-type Fabry-Perot pressure sensor based on two-photon polymerization 3D printing[J]. Acta Optica Sinica，2025，45(7)：283-292.
[57] 王永青，邓建辉，李特，等. 软体机器人3D打印制造技术研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(15)：186-198. WANG Yongqing，DENG Jianhui，LI Te，et al. A review of 3D printing manufacturing technology for soft robots[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(15)：186-198.
[58] 王广春赵，杨艳. 快速成型与快速模具制造技术[J]. 新技术新工艺，2000(9)：30-32. WANG Guangchun，ZHAO Guoqun，YANG Yan. Rapid prototyping and rapid tooling manufacturing technology[J]. New Technology & New Process，2000(9)：30-32.
[59] 路平，王广春，赵国群. 光固化快速成型精度的研究及进展[J]. 机床与液压，2006(5)：206-210. LU Ping，WANG Guangchun，ZHAO Guoqun. Research and progress on the accuracy of stereolithography rapid prototyping[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics，2006(5)：206-210.
[60] 康鹏. 基于光固化成型的微结构增材制造技术研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2017. KANG Peng. Research on additive manufacturing technology of microstructures based on stereolithography [D]. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology，2017.
[61] 李东方，陈继民，袁艳萍，等. 光固化快速成型技术的进展及应用[J]. 北京工业大学学报，2015，41(12)：1769-1774. LI Dongfang，CHEN Jimin，YUAN Yanping，et al. Progress and application of stereolithography rapid prototyping technology[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology，2015，41(12)：1769-1774.
[62] 王东峰. 光固化成型3D打印材料应用研究[J]. 新型工业化，2016，6(12)：59-63. WANG Dongfeng. Application research of stereolithography 3D printing materials[J]. The Journal of New Industrialization，2016，6(12)：59-63.
[63] 李克航. 采用光固化成型技术制备氧化铝陶瓷的研究[D]. 天津：天津大学，2017. LI Keheng. Study on preparation of alumina ceramics using stereolithography technology [D]. Tianjin：Tianjin University，2017.
[64] 王新艳，沈芳. 3D打印技术综述[J]. 江西化工，2019(3)：242-243. WANG Xinyan，SHEN Fang. A review of 3D printing technology[J]. Jiangxi Chemical Industry，2019(3)：242-243.
[65] 张文林，黄仁凯，贺旭扬，等. 多材料SLA光固化打印装置设计及分析[J]. 网印工业，2024(7)：5-9. ZHANG Wenlin，HUANG Renkai，HE Xuyang，et al. Design and analysis of a multi-material SLA stereolithography printing device[J]. Screen Printing Industry，2024(7)：5-9.
[66] 方芳. 光固化快速成型工艺参数的优化研究[D]. 沈阳：沈阳工业大学，2012. FANG Fang. Optimization study of process parameters for stereolithography rapid prototyping [D]. Shenyang： Shenyang University of Technology，2012.
[67] SIRRINE J，MEENAKSHISUNDARAM V，MOON N，et al. Functional siloxanes with photo-activated，simultaneous chain extension and crosslinking for lithography-based 3D printing[J]. Polymer，2018，152：25-34.
[68] 朱光达，侯仪，赵宁，等. 光固化3D打印聚合物材料的研究进展[J]. 中国材料进展，2022，41(1)：68-80，67. ZHU Guangda，HOU Yi，ZHAO Ning，et al. Research progress of polymer materials for stereolithography 3D printing[J]. Materials China，2022，41(1)：68-80，67.
[69] 胡飞洋，李昊丁，栾书杨，等. 光固化型3D打印聚合物材料研究进展[J]. 航空材料学报，2025，45(1)：26-43. HU Feiyang，LI Haoding，LUAN Shuyang，et al. Research progress of stereolithography 3D printing polymer materials[J]. Journal of Aeronautical Materials，2025，45(1)：26-43.
[70] XIA Xuemeng，MENG Jian，QIN Jingjing，et al. 4D-printed bionic soft robot with superior mechanical properties and fast near-infrared light response[J]. ACS Appl Polym Mater，2024，6(6)：3170-3178.
[71] ZHANG Liwen，HUANG Xumin，COLE Tim，et al. 3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D printing soft robot[J]. Nature Communications，2024，15(1)：7815.
[72] 李昌林，余松林，芦艾. 3D打印发泡硅橡胶的研究进展[J]. 橡胶工业，2025，72(3)：234-239. LI Changlin，YU Songlin，LU Ai. Research progress on 3D printed foam silicone rubber[J]. China Rubber Industry，2025，72(3)：234-239.
[73] 李小兰，罗斌，朱科军，等. 直写打印基础理论研究进展[J]. 现代盐化工，2021，48(1)：100-101. LI Xiaolan，LUO Bin，ZHU Kejun，et al. Theoretical research progress in direct ink writing printing[J]. Modern Salt and Chemical Industry，2021，48(1)：100-101.
[74] 沈姿伶，侯苏芸，漆楚生. 纤维素及其衍生物在熔融沉积和墨水直写成型3D打印中的研究进展[J]. 中国造纸，2022，41(2)：94-103. SHEN Ziling，HOU Suyun，QI Chusheng. Research progress of cellulose and its derivatives in fused deposition modeling and direct ink writing 3D printing[J]. China Pulp & Paper，2022，41(2)：94-103.
[75] LI Cuiyu，FENG Changhong，ZHANG Lei，et al. Direct ink writing of polymer-based materials-A review[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science，2025，65(2)：431-454.
[76] 张晓琴，秦世煜，姬忠莹，等. 3D直书写打印聚合物及其复合材料[J]. 聊城大学学报，2020，33(3)：41-50，56. ZHANG Xiaoqin，QIN Shiyu，JI Zhongying，et al. 3D direct ink writing printed polymers and their composites[J]. Journal of Liaocheng University，2020，33(3)：41-50，56.
[77] 崔晨. 墨水直写3D打印可控收缩聚丙烯酸水凝胶及其复合材料的研究[D]. 合肥：中国科学技术大学，2023. CUI Cheng. Study on polyacrylic acid hydrogels and their composites with controlled shrinkage for direct ink writing 3D printing [D]. Hefei：University of Science and Technology of China，2023.
[78] ZHANG Bin，CHUNG Sehun，BARKER Susan，et al. Direct ink writing of polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide based 3D constructs[J]. Progress in Natural Science-Materials International，2021，31(2)：166-177.
[79] BROWN N，AMES D，MUELLER J. Multimaterial extrusion 3D printing printheads[J]. Nature Reviews Materials，2025，10：807-825.
[80] REN Luquan，HE Yulin，WANG Baofeng，et al. 4D Printed Self-Sustained Soft Crawling Machines Fueled by Constant Thermal Field[J]. Adv Funct Mater，2024，34(33)：2400161.
[81] 彭思远. 基于墨水直写技术的CoCrFeNi系高熵合金的组织、性能及强化机制研究[D]. 广州：华南理工大学，2021. PENG Siyuan. Microstructure，properties and strengthening mechanisms of CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloys fabricated by direct ink writing [D]. Guangzhou：South China University of Technology，2021.
[82] VINCIGUERRA M，TAVAKOLI M，MAJIDI C，et al. Multimaterial printing of liquid crystal elastomers with integrated stretchable electronics[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces，2023，15(20)：24777-24787.
[83] WAJAHAT M.，LEE S.，KIM J.，et al. Three-dimensional printing of silver nanoparticle-decorated graphene microarchitectures[J]. Additive Manufacturing，2022，60：103249.
[84] ROBERTSON I.，YOURDKHANI M.，CENTELLAS P.，et al. Rapid energy-efficient manufacturing of polymers and composites via frontal polymerization[J]. Nature，2018，557(7704)：223.
[85] GHOSH S.，PARKER S.，WANG Xianyan，et al. Direct-write assembly of microperiodic silk fibroin scaffolds for tissue engineering applications[J]. Adv Funct Mater，2008，18(13)：1883-1889.
[86] MA Guowei，DOU Chaoyu，WANG Li，et al. Mechanical improvement of basalt fiber reinforced cementitious material for binder jetting 3D printing[J]. Additive Manufacturing，2025，100：104688.
[87] WU Yibin，LIU Kun，LI Jie，et al. A review on formation and suppression mechanisms of porosity and cracks in wire arc-directed energy deposition Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys[J]. J Manuf Process，2025，148：173-211.
[88] KHAN I，BARSOUM I，ABAS M，et al. A review of extrusion-based additive manufacturing of multi- materials-based polymeric laminated structures[J]. Composite Structures，2024，349：118490.
[89] KANG Bo，YANG Kuo，WANG Li，et al. Preparation of lightweight cementitious material for binder jetting 3D printing using fly ash cenospheres[J]. Journal of Building Engineering，2025，111：113389.
[90] CHANG Shasha，LIU Dongguang，CHENG Shengxiang，et al. Optimization of binder jet 3D printing parameters for porous Tungsten：Sintering and pore morphology analysis[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials，2025，133：107326.
[91] QIAN Yuhang，LUO Xia，WEI Qianlong，et al. Printing parameters optimization assisted by machine learning and sintering behavior of binder jetting 3D printed 2024Al alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology，2025，35：5796-5808.
[92] GUSHCHINA M，ANISIMOV D，SHABUNINA Z，et al. Features of the Ti-6Al-4V microstructure and phase composition formation by changing the thermal cycle during the process of direct energy deposition[J]. Materials Characterization，2025，227：115330.
[93] WANG Gui，LEI Chaojiao，CHEN Zhenggang，et al. Understanding thermo-fluidic-metallurgical characteristics of conventional and high-speed laser directed energy deposition[J]. Additive Manufacturing Frontiers，2025，4：200235.
[94] JEONG W，CHO S，RYU H. Optimization and characterization of C103 Nb alloy fabricated by laser wire directed energy deposition[J]. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials，2025，133：107318.
[95] ZHOU Yanyuan，JIANG Fengchun，WANG Zhenqiang，et al. Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of Cu/Al laminated metal composites fabricated by electropulsing assisted ultrasonic additive manufacturing[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology，2023，313：117884.
[96] BHATT P，KABIR A，PERALTA M，et al. A robotic cell for performing sheet lamination-based additive manufacturing[J]. Additive Manufacturing，2019，27：278-289.
[97] CHOI J，SUNG K，HYUN J，et al. Sheet-laminated additive manufacturing of bacterial cellulose nanofiber- reinforced hydrogels[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers，2025，349：122972.
[98] QI Xiaohong，LIANG Xiaokang，WANG Jianhui，et al. Microstructure tailoring in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF)：Strategies，challenges，and future outlooks[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds，2024，970：172564.
[99] SING S，YEONG W. Laser powder bed fusion for metal additive manufacturing：Perspectives on recent developments[J]. Virtual Phys Prototyp，2020，15(3)：359-370.
[100] WU Jingjun，HUANG Limei，ZHAO Qian，et al. 4D printing：History and recent progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Polymer Science，2017，36(5)：563-575.
[101] FENG Pei，YANG Feng，JIA Jiye，et al. Mechanism and manufacturing of 4D printing：Derived and beyond the combination of 3D printing and shape memory material[J]. Int J Extreme Manuf，2024，6(6)：062011.
[102] 李涤尘，刘佳煜，王延杰，等. 4D打印-智能材料的增材制造技术[J]. 机电工程技术，2014，43(5)：1-9. LI Dichen，LIU Jiayu，WANG Yanjie，et al. 4D printing-additive manufacturing technology for smart materials[J]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology，2014，43(5)：1-9.
[103] 耿鹏，陈道兵，周燕，等. 增材制造智能材料研究现状及展望[J]. 材料工程，2022，50(6)：12-26. GENG Peng，CHEN Daobing，ZHOU Yan，et al. Research status and prospect of smart materials for additive manufacturing[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering，2022，50(6)：12-26.
[104] 吕起印. 磁驱动软体机器人4D打印及其关键理论技术研究[D]. 长春：长春大学，2022. LÜ Qiyin. 4D printing of magnetically driven soft robots and research on key theoretical technologies [D]. Changchun：Changchun University，2022.
[105] SHIN D，KIM T，KIM D. Review of 4D printing materials and their properties[J]. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology，2017，4(3)：349-357.
[106] LENG Jinsong，LIU Yanju，DU Shanyi. Shape memory polymers：A potential material for future's changing shape [C]// Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of the ASME/AIAA Smart Materials，Adaptive Structures，and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS)/Symposium on Modeling，Simulation and Control，Philadelphia，PA，Sep 28-Oct 01，2010.
[107] 汤桂平，刘庆萍，宋波，等. 4D打印液晶弹性体工艺及其性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(7)：234-243. TANG Guiping，LIU Qingping，SONG Bo，et al. Study on 4D printing of liquid crystal elastomers process and properties[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(7)：234-243.
[108] 梁新增，关慰勉，王星，等. 形状记忆合金研究现状及其在航空领域的应用[J]. 稀有金属材料与工程，2025，54(6)：1641-1652. LIANG Xinzeng，GUAN Weimian，WANG Xing，et al. Research status of shape memory alloys and their application in the aerospace field[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering，2025，54(6)：1641-1652.
[109] 陈思源，孟晓凯，朱金才. 钛锆基形状记忆合金的研究进展[J]. 材料热处理学报，2025，46(3)：1-13. CHEN Siyuan，MENG Xiaokai，ZHU Jincai. Research progress of TiZr-based shape memory alloys[J]. Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment，2025，46(3)：1-13.
[110] 周炫乐. 铁磁形状记忆合金Fe-Mn-Ga的结构和磁性研究[D]. 广州：广州大学，2024. ZHOU Yxuanle. Structural and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Fe-Mn-Ga [D]. Guangzhou：Guangzhou University，2024.
[111] 肖恩忠. 形状记忆合金的应用现状与发展趋势[J]. 工具技术，2005(12)：10-13. XIAO Enzhong. Application status and development trends of shape memory alloys[J]. Tool Engineering，2005(12)：10-13.
[112] HO T.，CHOI S.，LEE S. Development of a biomimetic quadruped robot[J]. Journal of Bionic Engineering，2007，4(4)：193-199.
[113] NIIYAMA R.，MATSUSHITA K.，IKEDA M.，et al. A 3D printed hydrostatic skeleton for an earthworm-inspired soft burrowing robot[J]. Soft Matter，2022，18(41)：7990-7997.
[114] CHOONG Yu Ying Clarrisa，MALEKSAEEDI S.，ENG Hengky，et al. 4D printing of high performance shape memory polymer using stereolithography[J]. Mater Des，2017，126：219-225.
[115] 刘长岳，袁凌昕，杨继萍，等. 液晶弹性体智能材料的先进制造技术与结构设计[J]. 液晶与显示，2025，40(1)：35-54. LIU Changyue，YUAN Lingxin，YANG Jiping，et al. Advanced manufacturing technology and structural design of liquid crystal elastomer smart materials[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays，2025，40(1)：35-54.
[116] ALSHEBLY Y，MUSTAPHA K，ZOLFAGHARIAN A，et al. Bioinspired pattern-driven single-material 4D printing for self-morphing actuators[J]. Sustainability，2022，14(16)：10141.
[117] YANG Hui，LEOW W R，WANG Ting，et al. 3D printed photoresponsive devices based on shape memory composites[J]. Adv Mater，2017，29(33)：1701627.
[118] 王振国. 仿生变形变色双响应4D打印技术研究[D]. 长春：吉林大学，2020. WANG Zhenguo. Research on bionic deformation and color-changing dual-responsive 4D printing technology [D]. Changchun：Jilin University，2020.
[119] 魏作山，黄宇宸，武玉英，等. 高性能Al-Si合金电子封装材料的制备研究[J]. 特种铸造及有色合金，2025，45(5)：761-765. WEI Zuoshan，HUANG Yuchen，WU Yuying，et al. Preparation of high-performance Al-Si alloy electronic packaging materials[J]. Special Casting& Nonferrous Alloys，2025，45(5)：761-765.
[120] 冯玺. 航空用高性能Al-Li合金制备工艺研究[D]. 西安：西京学院，2023. FENG Xi. Preparation process research of high-performance Al-Li alloy for aerospace applications [D]. Xi'an：Xijing University，2023.
[121] 于长江，刘文峰，李晓雪，等. 高性能铁基非晶/纳米晶合金软磁性能研究进展[J]. 磁性材料及器件，2025，56(1)：65-71. YU Changjiang，LIU Wenfeng，LI Xiaoxue，et al. Research progress on soft magnetic properties of high-performance Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline alloys[J]. Journal of Magnetic Materials and Devices，2025，56(1)：65-71.
[122] ZHENG Yang，MA Yinglei，ZANG Libin，et al. Microstructure，corrosion behavior，and surface mechanical properties of Fe oxide coatings on biomedical ZK60 Mg alloy[J]. Materials and Corrosion-Werkstoffe Und Korrosion，2019，70(12)：2292-2302.
[123] YAMAMOTO A. Understanding and control of biodegradability of bioabsorbable Mg alloys [EB/OL]. https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21300183/.
[124] 郑洋，赵梓昊，刘伟，等. 高性能镁合金增材制造技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报，2024，60(7)：385-400. ZHENG Yang，ZHAO Zihao，LIU Wei，et al. Research progress in additive manufacturing technology of high-performance magnesium alloys[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2024，60(7)：385-400.
[125] WU Wenzheng，LIU Wei，DU Haidong，et al. Optimization of sintering time and holding time for 3D printing of Fe-based metallic glasses[J]. Metals，2018，8(6)：429.
[126] 程春龙，周高林，渠博，等. 多孔镁合金制备技术研究进展与展望[J]. 铸造技术，2025，46(7)：615-625. CHENG Chunlong，ZHOU Gaolin，QU Bo，et al. Research progress and prospects in preparation technologies of porous magnesium alloys[J]. Foundry Technology，2025，46(7)：615-625.
[127] 吴玉娟，邓庆琛，武千业，等. 增材制造高性能稀土镁合金研究[C]//中国稀土学会2024学术年会，中国四川成都，2024. WU Yujuan，DENG Qingchen，WU Qianye，et al. Research on additive manufacturing of high-performance rare earth magnesium alloys[C]// Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Conference of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths，Chengdu，Sichuan，China，2024.
[128] KHANLARI K，SHI Qi，YAN Xingchen，et al. Printing of NiTinol parts with characteristics respecting the general microstructural，compositional and mechanical requirements of bone replacement implants[J]. Materials Science and Engineering A，2022，839：142839.
[129] LIANG Jingwe，LEI Zhenglong，CHEN Yanbin，et al. Mechanical properties of selective laser melted ZK60 alloy enhanced by nanoscale precipitates with core-shell structure[J]. Materials Letters，2020，263：127232.
[130] 李青宇，张航，李涤尘，等. 激光增材制造WNbMoTa高性能高熵合金[J]. 机械工程学报，2019，55(15)：10-16. LI Qingyu，ZHANG Hang，LI Dichen，et al. Laser additive manufacturing of WNbMoTa high-performance high-entropy alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2019，55(15)：10-16.
[131] 郭静波，杨守华，周子翼，等. 激光增材制造AlCoCrFeNiSi高熵合金的氧化行为[J]. 中国腐蚀与防护学报，2025，45(1)：217-223. GUO Jingbo，YANG Shouhua，ZHOU Ziyi，et al. Oxidation behavior of laser additive manufactured AlCoCrFeNiSi high-entropy alloy[J]. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection，2025，45(1)：217-223.
[132] XU Shubo，YANG Xue，HU Xinzhi，et al. Relation between materials，process，structure and property of metallic porous bone scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)：A review[J]. Optics and Laser Technology，2025，191：113377.
[133] MURR L.，GAYTAN S.，MARTINEZ E.，et al. Next generation orthopaedic implants by additive manufacturing using electron beam melting[J]. International Journal of Biomaterials，2012，2012：245727.
[134] 王超宝. 特种工程塑料的生产及应用[J]. 化学工程与装备，2012(7)：128-130. WANG Chaobao. Production and application of special engineering plastics[J]. Chemical Engineering & Equipment，2012(7)：128-130.
[135] 刘金刚，范琳，杨士勇. 特种工程塑料市场与应用[J]. 合成树脂及塑料，2005(6)：67-70. LIU Jingang，FAN Lin，YANG Shiyong. Market and application of special engineering plastics[J]. China Synthetic Resin and Plastics，2005(6)：67-70.
[136] 李生柱. 特种工程塑料发展动态[J]. 塑料工业，2007(S1)：11-16. LI Shengzhu. Development trends of special engineering plastics[J]. China Plastics Industry，2007(S1)：11-16.
[137] 徐昌运. 国外工程塑料现状与发展趋势[J]. 化工新型材料，1999(11)：3-11. XU Changyun. Current status and development trends of engineering plastics abroad[J]. New Chemical Materials，1999(11)：3-11.
[138] 崔小明. 特种工程塑料聚醚醚酮的开发与应用[J]. 广东塑料，2005(3)：1-5. CUI Xiaoming. Development and application of special engineering plastic polyetheretherketone[J]. Guangdong Plastics，2005(3)：1-5.
[139] 王贵宾. 一种作为战略性物资的塑料特种工程塑料——聚醚醚酮(PEEK)树脂[J]. 国外塑料，2008(3)：30-34. WANG Guibin. A special engineering plastic as a strategic material - polyetheretherketone (PEEK) resin[J]. World Plastics，2008(3)：30-34.
[140] 吴忠文. 特种工程塑料聚醚砜、聚醚醚酮树脂国内外研究、开发、生产现状[J].化工新型材料，2002(6)：15-18. WU Zhongwen. Current status of research，development and production of special engineering plastics polyethersulfone and polyetheretherketone resins at home and abroad[J]. New Chemical Materials，2002(6)：15-18.
[141] SANKAR S.，PAULRAJ J.，CHAKRABORTI P. Fused filament fabricated PEEK based polymer composites for orthopaedic implants：A review[J]. International Journal of Materials Research，2023，114(10-11)：980-988.
[142] 李子涵. 热致性液晶聚合物/聚醚酰亚胺复合材料增材制造研究[D]. 长春：吉林大学，2023. LI Zihan. Additive manufacturing of thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer/polyetherimide composites [D]. Changchun：Jilin University，2023.
[143] GENG Peng，ZHAO Ji，WU Wenzheng，et al. Effect of thermal processing and heat treatment condition on 3D printing PPS properties[J]. Polymers，2018，10(8)：875.
[144] LIU Gen，ZHANG Ligang，LI Guitao，et al. BN-SiC ensembles to form tribofilm with excellent shielding effects in PEEK- stainless steel contacts for artificial joint[J]. Tribology International，2021，156：106834.
[145] CHUNG H J，LEE H B，PARK K M，et al. Feasibility of 3D-printed locking compression plates with polyether ether ketone (PEEK) in tibial comminuted diaphyseal fractures[J]. Polymers，2023，15(14)：3057.
[146] QUAN Dong，QIN Long，CHEN Han，et al. Significantly enhanced joint strength and fatigue life of aerospace composite joints by using novel PEEK/PPS woven meshes as joining agent[J]. Thin-Walled Structures，2024，200：111926.
[147] LING Xuanzhe，JING Xishuang，ZHANG Chengyang，et al. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) properties and its application status[C]// Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Green Materials and Environmental Engineering (GMEE)，Guangzhou，PEOPLES R CHINA，Dec 27-29，2019.
[148] TORSTRICK F，SAFRANSKI D，BURKUS J，et al. Getting PEEK to stick to bone：The development of porous PEEK for interbody fusion devices[J]. Techniques in Orthopaedics (Rockville，Md)，2017，32(3)：158-166.
[149] 戴京. 特种塑料与柔性耗材3D打印工艺及装备研究[D]. 杭州：浙江大学，2018. DAI Jing. Research on 3D printing process and equipment for special plastics and flexible consumables [D]. Hangzhou：Zhejiang University，2018.
[150] WEI Qinghua，ZHOU Jiayi，AN Yalong，et al. Modification，3D printing process and application of sodium alginate based hydrogels in soft tissue engineering：A review[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules，2023，232：123450.
[151] 李芳霞，孙志丹，李涛，等. 生物医用天然高分子材料研究进展[J]. 化工新型材料，2013，41(5)：5-6，18. LI Fangxia，SUN Zhidan，LI Tao，et al. Research progress on biomedical natural polymer materials[J]. New Chemical Materials，2013，41(5)：5-6，18.
[152] JANG T S，JUNG H D，PAN H M，et al. 3D printing of hydrogel composite systems：Recent advances in technology for tissue engineering[J]. International Journal of Bioprinting，2018，4(1)：126.
[153] 杨振，杨连利. 水凝胶的研究进展及发展新动向[J]. 化工中间体，2007(1)：5-10. YANG Zhen，YANG Lianli. Research progress and new development trends of hydrogels[J]. Chemical Intermediates，2007(1)：5-10.