Research Status and Prospect on the Control Method of High Speed on/off Valve

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.04.290

Abstract

Abstract: High speed on/off valve(HSV), the core control component of digital hydraulic system(DHS), has the advantages of compact structure, high frequency response and strong anti-pollution ability, so that it is widely applied in aerospace, engineering machinery, military equipment, and other important fields. The dynamic performance of HSV determines the response speed and control accuracy of DHS. For the existing HSV, optimizing the control method is the most effective and economical way to improve its dynamic performance. The research status and progress of HSV control algorithm are comprehensively analyzed. In order to improve the operation performance of HSV, its control strategy tends to multi-voltage algorithm, and higher requirements for voltage matching at each stage is put forward. Although the existing multi-voltage control algorithm can achieve both fast dynamic response and low energy driving by optimizing the switching initial current of HSV. However, the fast dynamic response intensifies the impact between the valve bodies, resulting in big noise and severe vibration of HSV, and significantly shortens its service life. With the integration of microelectronics, computers and sensing technologies, the multi-voltage control algorithm of HSV will develop towards a more refined and intelligent direction, and balance the key characteristics of fast response, low power losses, small temperature rising and long service life.

Key words: digital hydraulic, high speed on/off valve, control algorithm

CLC Number:

TH137

ZHONG Qi, XU Enguang, JIA Tiwei, WANG Junxian, YANG Huayong, LI Yanbiao. Research Status and Prospect on the Control Method of High Speed on/off Valve[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(4): 290-301.

References

[1] YANG Huayong，PAN Min. Engineering research in fluid power:A Review[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Science A，2015，16(6):427-442.
[2] JIAO Zongxia，LI Zhihui，SHANG Yaoxing，et al. Active load sensitive electro-hydrostatic actuator on more electric aircraft:Concept，design，and control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics，2022，69(5):5030-5040.
[3] CHAO Qun，ZHANG Junhui，XU Bing，et al. Integrated slipper retainer mechanism to eliminate slipper wear in high-speed axial piston pumps[J]. Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering，2022，17(1):1.
[4] RUAN Jian，BURTON R，UKRATNETZ P. An investigation into the characteristics of a two dimensional “2D” flow control valve[J]. Journal of Dynamic Systems，Measurement and Control，Transactions of the ASME，2002，124(1):214-220.
[5] LI Chen，LYU Litong，HELIAN Bobo，et al. Precision motion control of an independent metering hydraulic system with nonlinear flow modeling and compensation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics，2022，69(7):7088-7098.
[6] MENG Bin，XU Hao，RUAN Jian，et al. Theoretical and experimental investigation on novel 2D maglev servo proportional valve[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics，2021，34(4):416-431.
[7] 路甬祥. 新挑战，新机遇，新贡献——未来流体动力技术的展望与期盼[J]. 液压气动与密封，2009，29(4):1-3. LU Yongxiang. New challenges，new chances，new contributions——A look forward to the future of fluid power technology[J]. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals，2009，29(4):1-3.
[8] 钟麒. 面向负载口独立控制的可编程阀关键技术研究[D]. 杭州:浙江大学，2019. ZHONG Qi. Research on key technologies of programmable valve for independent metering control[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University，2019.
[9] ZHONG Qi，XU Enguang，JIA Tiwei，et al. Dynamic performance and control accuracy of a novel proportional valve with a switching technology-controlled pilot stage[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University:Science A，2022，23(4):272-285.
[10] 丁凡，姚健娣，笪靖，等. 高速开关阀的研究现状[J]. 中国工程机械学报，2011，9(3):351-358. DING Fan，YAO Jiandi，DA Jing，et al. Advances on high-speed on-off valves[J]. Chinese Journal of Construction Machinery，2011，9(3):351-358.
[11] WANG He，CHEN Zhen，HUANG Jiahai，et al. Development of high-speed on-off valves and their applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2022，35(1):1-21.
[12] ZHONG Qi，WANG Xiele，ZHOU Hongzhao，et al. Investigation into the adjustable dynamic characteristic of the high-speed on/off valve with an advanced pulsewidth modulation control algorithm[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics，2021，27(5):3784-3797.
[13] 钟麒，谢耿，汪谢乐，等. 多电压复合驱动的高速开关阀性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(4):191-201. ZHONG Qi，XIE Geng，WANG Xiele，et al. Performance analysis of high speed on/off valve by multi-voltages compound excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(4):191-201.
[14] YANG Shuxing，WANG Shulan，LIN Xiangzhu，et al. On the describing functions of PWM pneumatic high-speed on-off valves[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology，1993，2(2):170-176.
[15] 黄维纲，王旭永，王显正，等. 高速电磁开关阀开关特性的机理研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报，1998，32(12):38-41. HUANG Weigang，WANG Xuyong，WANG Xianzheng，et al. Investigation on the mechanism of switching characteristic of high-speed on-off solenoid valve[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University，1998，32(12):38-41
[16] 申水文，张建武，葛安林，等. 提高高速开关阀性能的仿真研究[J]. 机床与液压，1998(5):25-26. SHEN Shuiwen，ZHANG Jianwu，GE Anlin，et al. Study on improving the characters of the high speed on/off valve with the simulation technique[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics，1998(5):25-26.
[17] 刘少军，夏毅敏，郭淑娟，等. 高速开关电磁阀的PWM控制及改进技术[J]. 机床与液压，1998(4):52-53. LIU Shaojun，XIA Yimin，GUO Shujuan，et al. Research on PWM control and improvement techniques of the high-speed solenoid valves[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics，1998(4):52-53.
[18] YE N，SCAVARDA S，BETEMPS M，et al. Models of a pneumatic PWM solenoid valve for engineering applications[J]. Journal of Dynamic Systems，Measurement and Control，Transactions of the ASME，1992，114(4):680-688.
[19] 苏明. 电磁高速开关阀控制特性及方法研究[D]. 贵阳:贵州大学，2011. SU Ming. Research on the control characteristics and methods of solenoid high-speed solenoid valves[D]. Guiyang:Guizhou University，2011.
[20] 周乃君，杨南，吴伟芒. 共轨喷油器电磁阀双电压式驱动模块设计[J]. 长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版)，2009，6(3):54-58. ZHOU Naijun，YANG Nan，WU Weimang. Dual voltage driver module for solenoid valve in common rail injector[J]. Journal of Changsha University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)，2009，6(3):54-58.
[21] 刘浩，赵丁选，张祝新，等. 基于BP神经网络的高速开关阀多级电压控制策略[J]. 农业机械学报，2019，50(4):420-426. LIU Hao，ZHAO Dingxuan，ZHANG Zhuxin，et al. Control strategy of high-speed switch valve under multistage adaptive voltage based on BP neural network[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery，2019，50(4):420-426.
[22] 李派霞，张小军，刘科明. 基于双电压驱动下高速开关阀的特性研究[J]. 液压与气动，2018(7):59-64. LI Paixia，ZHANG Xiaojun，LIU Keming. Response characteristics of high-speed on-off valve with double voltage driving[J]. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics，2018(7):59-64.
[23] LEE I Y. Switching response improvement of a high speed on/off solenoid valve by using a 3 power source type valve driving circuit[J]. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology，2006:1823-1828.
[24] BREIDI F，HELMUS T，HOLLAND M，et al. The impact of peak-and-hold and reverse current driving strategies on the dynamic performance of commercial cartridge valves[C/CD]//Fluid Power Systems Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers，2014.
[25] 张斌，钟麒，杨华勇. 高速开关阀控制策略研究[J]. 液压与气动，2017(6):7-11. ZHANG Bin，ZHONG Qi，YANG Huayong. Control strategy of high speed on/off valve[J]. Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics，2017(6):7-11.
[26] 钟麒，张斌，洪昊岑，等. 基于电流反馈的高速开关阀3电压激励控制策略[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版)，2018，52(1):8-15. ZHONG Qi，ZHANG Bin，HONG Haocen，et al. Three power sources excitation control strategy of high speed on/off valve based on current feedback[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science)，2018，52(1):8-15.
[27] 钟麒，何贤剑，李研彪，等. 自适应供油压力变化的高速开关阀控制策略研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(6):224-235. ZHONG Qi，HE Xianjian，LI Yanbiao，et al. Research on control algorithm for high-speed on/off valves that adaptive to supply pressure changes[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(6):224-235.
[28] 杨华勇，钟麒，张斌，等. 一种电磁阀智能控制系统及其方法:ZL201610015304.4[P]. 2017-10-10. YANG Huayong，ZHONG Qi，ZHANG Bin，et al. An intelligent control system for solenoid valves and its method:ZL201610015304.4[P]. 2017-10-10.
[29] 杨华勇，钟麒，张斌，等. 一种基于电压脉宽调制的电磁阀智能控制系统及其方法:ZL201610016459.X[P]. 2018-06-19. YANG Huayong，ZHONG Qi，ZHANG Bin，et al. An intelligent control system for solenoid valves based on voltage pulse width modulation and its method:ZL201610016459.X [P]. 2018-06-19.
[30] ZHANG Bin，ZHONG Qi，MA Jien，et al. Self-correcting PWM control for dynamic performance preservation in high speed on/off valve[J]. Mechatronics，2018，55:141-150.
[31] 高强，朱玉川，罗樟，等. 高速开关阀的复合PWM控制策略分析与优化[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报，2019，45(6):1129-1136. GAO Qiang，ZHU Yuchuan，LUO Zhang，et al. Analysis and optimization on compound PWM control strategy of high-speed on/off valve[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2019，45(6):1129-1136.
[32] GAO Qiang，ZHU Yuchuan，LUO Zhang，et al. Investigation on adaptive pulse width modulation control for high speed on/off valve[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology，2020，34(4):1711-1722.
[33] 谢耿. 数字开关阀高动态驱动策略及其阀控系统运动控制研究[D]. 杭州:浙江工业大学，2022. XIE Geng. Research on high dynamic driving strategy of digital on-off valve and its system motion control[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology，2022.
[34] LIU Zengguang，LI Linfei，YUE Daling，et al. Dynamic performance improvement of solenoid screw-in cartridge valve using a new hybrid voltage control[J]. Machines，2022，10(2):106.
[35] LINJAMA M，PALONIITTY M，TIAINEN L，et al. Mechatronic design of digital hydraulic micro valve package[J]. Procedia Engineering，2015，106:97-107.
[36] HEIKKILA M，PALONIITTY M，LINJAMA M. Fast switching valve for low-pressure water hydraulics[C]//The Ninth Workshop on Digital Fluid Power，2017.
[37] 汪谢乐. 高速开关阀电磁驱动能耗与温场特性研究[D]. 杭州:浙江工业大学，2022. WANG Xiele. Research on electromagnetic driving energy consumption and temperature field characteristics of high speed on/off valve[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology，2022.
[38] GORAJ R. Impact of the pulse width modulation on the temperature distribution in the armature of a solenoid valve[J]. International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering，2015，20(4):773-786.
[39] TAN Cao，CHANG Siqin，LIU Liang. Dynamic performance design and analysis of hybrid excited linear actuator for on-off valve[J]. International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics，2017，54:199-209.
[40] ZHAO Jianhui，YUE Pengfei，GREKHOV L，et al. Hold current effects on the power losses of high-speed solenoid valve for common-rail injector[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering，2018，128:1579-1587.
[41] ZHAO Jianhui，WANG Meiling，WANG Zhangjun，et al. Different boost voltage effects on the dynamic response and energy losses of high-speed solenoid valves[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering，2017，123:1494-1503.
[42] 范立云，魏云鹏，普东方，等. 新型永磁高速电磁阀能量转换特性[J]. 内燃机学报，2020，38(6):545-552. FAN Liyun，WEI Yunpeng，PU Dongfang，et al. Energy conversion characteristics of a novel permanent magnet high-speed solenoid valve[J]. Transactions of Csice，2020，38(6):545-552.
[43] CHENG Qiang，ZHANG Zhendong，XIE Nailiu. Power losses and dynamic response analysis of ultra-high speed solenoid injector within different driven strategies[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering，2015，91:611-621.
[44] 李勇，黄庆林，谷璐璐，等. 一种双电压合成信号脉宽调制的低功耗高速电磁铁驱动电路[J]. 电工技术学报，2019，34(2):255-263. LI Yong，HUANG Qinglin，GU Lulu，et al. A high-speed solenoid drive circuit with low power consumption based on pulse width modulation by dual voltage synthesized[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society，2019，34(2):255-263.
[45] ZHONG Qi，ZHANG Bin，YANG Huayong，et al. Performance analysis of a high-speed on/off valve based on an intelligent pulse-width modulation control[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering，2017，9(11):1-11.
[46] ZHONG Qi，WANG Xiele，XIE Geng，et al. Analysis of dynamic characteristics and power losses of high speed on/off valve with pre-existing control algorithm[J]. Energies，2021，14(16):4901.
[47] MENG Runquan，WANG Zhenmin，BU Qinghua. Strategy and simulation for switched reluctance motor converters to achieve soft switching[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University，2010，31(3):323-327.
[48] TONG Yibin. A three-phase PWM inverter technology based on ZCT soft-switching[J]. High Power Converter Technology，2009(5):19-22.
[49] CAI Shengnian，JIAO Yu，XU Chengtao，et al. Energy-saving driver circuit of high-speed solenoid valve based on soft-switch technology[C]//2012 Second International Conference on Instrumentation，Measurement，Computer，Communication and Control. IEEE，2012:598-601.
[50] KOGLER H，SCHEIDL R，SCHMIDT B. Analysis of wave propagation effects in transmission lines due to digital valve switching[C/CD]//Fluid Power Systems Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers，2015.
[51] PETERSON K S，STEFANOPOULOU A G. Extremum sSeeking control for soft landing of an electromechanical valve aActuator[J]. Automatica，2004，40(6):1063-1069.
[52] AHN H J，KWAK S Y，CHANG J U，et al. A new EMV system using a PM/EM hybrid actuator[C]//IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics. New York:IEEE，2005:816-821.
[53] CHLADNY R R，KOCH C R. Flatness-based tracking of an electromechanical variable valve timing actuator with disturbance observer feedforward compensation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology，2008，16(4):652-663.
[54] 邓成钢，项占琴. 高速点阵式脉冲喷射发生器的无传感器控制[J]. 光学精密工程，2012，20(4):752-759. DENG Chenggang，XIANG Zhanqin. Sensorless control of high-speed dot-matrix pulse jet generator[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering，2012，20(4):752-759.
[55] REUTER J，MAERKL S，JAEKLE M. Optimized control strategies for fast switching solenoid valves[J]. International Journal of Fluid Power，2010，11(3):23-33.
[56] 范爱民，常思勤，陈慧涛. 电磁驱动配气机构的反演滑模控制[J]. 中国机械工程，2020，31(3):274-280. FAN Aimin，CHANG Siqin，CHEN Huitao. Back-stepping sliding mode control for an electromagnetic valve actuator[J]. China Mechanical Engineering，2020，31(3):274-280.
[57] YANG Y P，LIU J J，YE D H，et al. Multiobjective optimal design and soft landing control of an electromagnetic valve actuator for a camless engine[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics，2013，18(3):963-972.
[58] TSAJ J，KOCH C R，SAIF M. Cycle adaptive feedforward approach controllers for an electromagnetic valve actuator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology，2012，20(3):738-746.
[59] GLUCK T，KEMMETMULLER W，KUGI A. Trajectory optimization for reducing[J]. IFAC Proceedings Volumes，2011，44(1):11532-11537.
[60] 钟麒，李研彪，帅琨，等. 一种通过数据库和脉宽调制对液压阀开关过程进行控制的方法:ZL202010485844.5[P]. 2021-11-30. ZHONG Qi，LI Yanbiao，SHUAI Kun，et al. A method for controlling the switching process of hydraulic valves by means of a database and pulse width modulation:ZL202010485844.5[P]. 2021-11-30.
[61] 钟麒，汪谢乐，谢耿，等. 一种兼顾高速开关阀启闭动态特性和启闭缓冲特性的方法:ZL202010484915.X[P]. 2021-11-30. ZHONG Qi，WANG Xiele，XIE Geng，et al. A method for balancing the switching dynamic characteristics and the switching buffer characteristics of high-speed on/off valves:ZL202010484915.X[P]. 2021-11-30.