Study on AC Self-heating Circuit and Control Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries at Low Temperatures

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.212

Abstract

Abstract: Heating the batteries at low temperature is an effective way to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries in extremely cold climates. To address the existing challenges of alternating current(AC) heating, a novel AC self-heating circuit is designed, the circuit simulation and experimental analysis are conducted, and the heating strategies are proposed：A current controllable parallel resonant structure is proposed to address the issues such as restricted application and temperature inconsistency caused by relying on external power sources or multiple batteries in existing heating methods, and a heating circuit model is built, supporting the development of heating strategies; a test platform is built to analyze the effects of parameters such as power width modulation signals, state of charges, frequencies, and number of battery cells in series; according to the test result, heating control strategy based on circuit model and open circuit voltage profile and is proposed, and a switchable heating circuit is proposed, improving the heating performance for battery cells and modules. The results show that the proposed heating method can achieve a temperature rise rate of over 3.1 °C/min at the frequency of 20 kHz and RMS current of 2.7C, and the battery can be heated at the state of charges range of 25%-100%.

Key words: electric vehicle, lithium-ion battery, alternating current self-heating, control strategies

CLC Number:

TM912

ZHANG Boran, WANG Jun, YANG Ruixin, ZHANG Kui, XIONG Rui. Study on AC Self-heating Circuit and Control Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries at Low Temperatures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 212-222.

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