Hierarchical Optimization of Speed Planning and Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering the Impact of Vehicle Queuing at Intersections

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.197

Abstract

Abstract: Speed planning helps to achieve efficient operation of hybrid electric vehicles. However, there is a phenomenon of vehicle queuing at intersections in urban traffic scenes, which seriously affects the economy and traffic efficiency of speed planning. For multiple continuous traffic signals and speed limited road sections, a hierarchical optimization method for speed planning and energy management is proposed for hybrid electric buses considering the impact of queuing at intersections. The upper level control adopts the piecewise global adaptive control method(PGAC) for speed planning, optimizing driving behavior from both global optimal and local adaptive perspectives. Acceleration can be adjusted within a small range, achieving smooth driving. The economy of PGAC speed planning is about 10% higher than that of model predictive control, and it ensures traffic efficiency. The lower level considers multiple objectives such as energy consumption economy, engine carbon emissions, and battery temperature rise and aging, and pontryagin’s minimum principle(PMP) is used for energy management. The results show that the multi-objective PMP strategy reduces the overall cost by 2.26% compared to the single objective optimization strategy.

Key words: hybrid electric bus, speed planning, energy management, multi-objective optimization, battery aging

CLC Number:

U461

XIE Shaobo, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Fengqi, FAN Ning, HU Xiaosong. Hierarchical Optimization of Speed Planning and Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles Considering the Impact of Vehicle Queuing at Intersections[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 197-211.

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