风切变和塔影效应对风力机输出功率的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.10.124

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10): 124-132.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.10.124

风切变和塔影效应对风力机输出功率的影响

温斌荣¹, 魏莎¹, 魏克湘², 杨文献², 彭志科¹, 褚福磊³

1. 上海交通大学机械系统与振动国家重点实验室上海 200240;
2. 湖南工程学院风电装备与电能变换协同创新中心湘潭 411104;
3. 清华大学机械工程系北京 100084

收稿日期:2017-07-06 修回日期:2017-11-29 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-05-20
通讯作者: 彭志科(通信作者),男,1974年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为非线性振动理论及方法,振动控制与隔离方法,信号的时频分析方法及理论,机械设备故障诊断方法,结构健康状态监测等。E-mail:z.peng@sjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:温斌荣,男,1993年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为海上浮式风力发电。E-mail:wenbinrong@sjtu.edu.cn;魏莎,女,1988年出生,博士后。主要研究方向为齿轮传动系统动力学和不确定性分析。E-mail:s.wei@sjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点（11632011）、国家自然科学基金重点（51335006）、国家自然科学基金（11702170）和国家自然科学基金创新群体（51421092）资助项目。

Influences of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow on the Power Output of Wind Turbine

WEN Binrong¹, WEI Sha¹, WEI Kexiang², YANG Wenxian², PENG Zhike¹, CHU Fulei³

1. State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240;
2. Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Wind Power Equipment and Energy Conversion, Xiangtan 411104;
3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084

Received:2017-07-06 Revised:2017-11-29 Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以NREL 5 MW风机为例，基于叶素动量理论（Blade Element Momentum，BEM）研究风切变和塔影效应对风力机输出功率的影响。用三阶Taylor展开描述指数型风切变模型；针对现代大型风力机的锥状塔架结构，对塔影效应模型进行适当修正。计算不同来流风速下的输出功率，并从功率波动和周期内平均输出功率两方面研究风切变和塔影效应的影响。结果显示，风切变和塔应效应都是周期性功率波动和周期内平均功率下降（功率损失）的来源。其中塔影效应是功率波动的主要原因，而风切变是功率损失的主要原因。功率损失由风场损失和风轮损失构成，其中风场损失是一个与风轮结构参数及风速轮廓系数相关的常数，而风轮损失与风力机控制策略密切相关，在变桨距控制阶段，风轮损失随风速的增加而增加。

关键词: 风力机, 风能系数, 风切变, 功率波动, 塔影效应, 叶素动量理论

Abstract: The influences of the wind shear and tower shadow on the power output of wind turbines in terms of power fluctuation and power loss are investigated. Firstly, the wind shear model and the tower shadow model are described in detail. The tower shadow model is modified in view of the cone-shaped towers of modern large-scaled wind turbines. Subsequently, power fluctuation and power loss due to wind shear and tower shadow are analyzed for NREL 5 MW baseline wind turbine with blade element momentum(BEM) theory. Results indicate that the power fluctuation is mainly caused by the tower shadow, whereas the power loss is primarily induced by the wind shear. The power loss can be divided into wind farm loss and rotor loss. The wind farm loss is a constant while the rotor loss is strongly influenced by the wind turbine control strategies. When the variable-speed controller works, the rotor loss stabilizes around zero, but when blade pitch controller works, the rotor loss increases as the wind speed intensifies.

Key words: blade element momentum (BEM), power, power coefficient, tower shadow, wind shear, wind turbine

中图分类号:

TK81
TK83

温斌荣, 魏莎, 魏克湘, 杨文献, 彭志科, 褚福磊. 风切变和塔影效应对风力机输出功率的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(10): 124-132.

WEN Binrong, WEI Sha, WEI Kexiang, YANG Wenxian, PENG Zhike, CHU Fulei. Influences of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow on the Power Output of Wind Turbine[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(10): 124-132.

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风切变和塔影效应对风力机输出功率的影响

Influences of Wind Shear and Tower Shadow on the Power Output of Wind Turbine

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