表面粗糙度参数对干摩擦磨损性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.260338

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高零件表面的耐磨损性能，从微观尺度层面分析了表面均方根高度、偏度和峰度等粗糙度参数对动接触装配界面磨损性能的影响。首先构建了粗糙表面磨损数值分析模型，理论分析了表面均方根高度、偏度和峰度等粗糙度参数对表面磨损性能的调控作用。分析结果表明：降低表面均方根高度有助于增大实际接触面积，并降低接触压力和磨损量；提高峰度虽会减小实际接触面积并增加局部接触压力，但能有效减少整体磨损；而负偏度则有助于扩大实际接触面积并降低接触压力，进一步减轻磨损。其次开展了表面粗糙度参数对干摩擦磨损性能影响的试验研究。试验结果表明：干摩擦条件下，正偏度、低峰度的表面形貌能够较快进入稳定磨损阶段，但其磨损率较高；负偏度、高峰度的表面形貌虽然需要更长的滑动距离才能达到稳定状态，但其整体摩擦因数较低且磨损率更小。上述研究结果将为优化零件表面处理工艺进而提高表面耐磨性能提供重要的理论依据和工程指导。

关键词: 表面均方根高度, 偏度, 峰度, 磨损性能, 装配界面

Abstract: To improve the wear resistance of component surfaces, the influence of surface roughness parameters—such as root mean square height, skewness, and kurtosis—on the wear performance of dynamic contact assembly interfaces is analyzed at the microscale. A numerical model of rough surface wear is first established, and the regulatory effects of root mean square height, skewness, and kurtosis on surface wear behavior are theoretically analyzed. The analysis shows that reducing the root mean square height increases the real contact area while decreasing both contact pressure and wear volume. Increasing kurtosis, although reducing the real contact area and raising local contact pressure, effectively lowers overall wear. Negative skewness helps expand the real contact area and reduce contact pressure, thereby further mitigating wear. Subsequently, experimental studies are conducted to investigate the effects of surface roughness parameters on dry sliding wear performance. The test results indicate that under dry friction conditions, surfaces with positive skewness and low kurtosis enter the stable wear stage more quickly but exhibit a higher wear rate. In contrast, surfaces with negative skewness and high kurtosis require a longer sliding distance to reach stability, yet demonstrate lower overall friction coefficients and reduced wear rates. These findings provide essential theoretical support and engineering guidance for optimizing surface treatment processes and enhancing wear resistance of components.

Key words: surface root mean square height, skewness, kurtosis, wear performance, assembly interfaces

中图分类号:

TH322
TH117

林起崟, 高国良, 丘铭军, 苏志善, 张天宝, 范玉林, 王晨, 洪军. 表面粗糙度参数对干摩擦磨损性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(11): 416-429.

LIN Qiyin, GAO Guoliang, QIU Mingjun, SU Zhishan, ZHANG Tianbao, FAN Yulin, WANG Chen, HONG Jun. Influence of Surface Roughness Parameters on Wear Performances under Dry Friction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(11): 416-429.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I11/416

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