新型超高强钢抗冲击性能试验与仿真研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260217

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 获得特种装备在极端环境下的冲击响应特性是其防护能力发展的必要需求。采用特种装备用新型超高强钢，进行不同温度下的夏比冲击试验与室温下的子弹冲击试验。对夏比冲击吸收功与冲击韧性分析表明，随着温度降至-50 ℃，冲击韧性明显下降，材料的脆性呈上升趋势；在-30 ℃至室温的温度区间，新型超高强钢在冲击韧性方面表现出较小的差异。当DAP51B式7.62 mm子弹以500 m/s的速度撞击时，该新型超高强度钢未被穿透。为进一步研究材料受冲击时的动态响应，基于Johnson-Cook材料模型，应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA仿真软件对新型超高强钢在夏比冲击和子弹冲击下的力学行为进行了模拟。结果显示，有限元计算数值与试验数据吻合较好：冲击吸收功的相对误差为4.78%，弹坑深度的相对误差仅为0.7%。此外，预测不同速度下超高强度钢的变形情况，结果表明钢板的弹坑深度和背凸高度与子弹速度呈线性正比关系。由此，为特种装备在极端服役环境下的材料选择和安全设计提供了重要的数据参考。

关键词: 超高强钢, 冲击韧性, 有限元仿真, 子弹冲击

Abstract: Obtaining the impact response characteristics of special equipment under extreme environments is essential for enhancing its protective capabilities. A new ultra-high-strength steel(UHSS), which is used in the specialized equipment, is subjected to the Charpy impact tests at different temperatures and the bullet impact tests at room temperature. The analysis on the Charpy impact absorption work and impact toughness of the new UHSS indicates that as the temperature drops to -50 ℃, the impact toughness significantly decreases, and the material exhibits an increasing trend in brittleness. Within the temperature range from -30 ℃ to room temperature, the new UHSS shows relatively small differences in impact toughness. The new UHSS is not penetrated when impacted by a DAP51B type 7.62 mm bullet at a speed of 500 m/s. To further investigate the dynamic response of the material under impact, based on the Johnson-Cook material model, the mechanical behaviors of the new UHSS under the conditions of Charpy impact and bullet impact are simulated by using ANSYS/LSDYNA simulation software. The results show that the finite element calculation values are consistent with the experimental data，the relative error of the impact absorption work is 4.78%, and the relative error of the crater depth is only 0.7%. Additionally, the deformation of the UHSS at different speeds is predicted, it reveals that the depth of the crater and the bulging height of the steel plate are linearly proportional to the bullet speed. Thus, this provides valuable data reference for material selection and safety design of special equipment operating in extreme service environments.

Key words: ultra-high-strength steel, impact toughness, finite element simulation, bullet impact

中图分类号:

O385

杨钱钱, 王莹, 李冬晓, 刘瑞涛, 王重阳, 赵津. 新型超高强钢抗冲击性能试验与仿真研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(10): 210-218.

YANG Qianqian, WANG Ying, LI Dongxiao, LIU Ruitao, WANG Chongyang, ZHAO Jin. Experimental and Simulation Study on the Impact Resistance of a New Ultra-high-strength Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(10): 210-218.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260217

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I10/210

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