电磁可变惯容减振器柔性调控特性分析及控制方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260259

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (9): 172-181.doi: 10.3901/JME.260259

• 机械动力学 • 上一篇

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电磁可变惯容减振器柔性调控特性分析及控制方法研究

谭新桂¹, 李强², 谭博欢¹, 刘金刚¹, 宁东红³, 刘鹏飞³

1. 湘潭大学机械工程与力学学院湘潭 411105;
2. 广东美的暖通设备有限公司佛山 528000;
3. 中国海洋大学工程学院青岛 266110

收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2025-12-02 发布日期:2026-07-08
作者简介:谭新桂，男，2000年出生。主要研究方向为悬架动力学控制。E-mail：202221542147@smail.xtu.edu.cn;谭博欢(通信作者)，男，1989年出生，博士，副教授，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为悬架动力学与控制。E-mail：bohuan_tan@xtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52205131)、湖南省教育厅科学研究(23B0146)和湖南创新型省份建设专项(2023GK1030)资助项目。

Analysis of the Flexible Control Characteristics and Control Method of Electromagnetic Variable Inertance Shock Absorber

TAN Xingui¹, LI Qiang², TAN Bohuan¹, LIU Jingang¹, NING Donghong³, LIU Pengfei³

1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105;
2. Guangdong Midea Heating and Ventilating Equipment Co., Ltd., Foshan 528000;
3. College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266110

Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2025-12-02 Published:2026-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对可变惯容装置在惯容器高速换向或惯容系数大范围调节的瞬间易产生较大冲击的问题，提出一种用于车辆悬架的电磁可变惯容减振器。该减振器通过改变外接电路电阻实现实时的阻尼系数调节，从而间接控制系统的等效惯容，其中惯性飞轮通过阻尼效应与系统柔性连接，可以有效避免调控过程中机械硬连接造成的冲击。在此基础上，将减振器集成到四分之一车辆悬架模型中进行分析，发现悬架的阻尼和惯容相互耦合，改变阻尼时，悬架系统的共振峰值以及共振频率均发生改变。为实现理想的控制效果，提出一种基于自感估计的半主动控制策略，该策略可以精确估计减振器运动状态，且具备输出正功的能力，以获得更好的期望控制力追踪效果。最后，对变惯容减振器进行了特性验证和性能评价试验。实验结果表明，所提出的变惯容减振器可以实时调节悬架的阻尼和惯容特性；采用所提出的半主动控制策略，设计的可变惯容减振器减振性能明显优于被动悬架。

关键词: 电磁悬架, 可变惯容, 自传感估计, 半主动控制

Abstract: To address the issue of significant impact occurring when the inertance device reverses at high speed or when the inertance coefficient is adjusted over a wide range, an electromagnetic variable inertance shock absorber for vehicle suspension is proposed. This shock absorber achieves real-time adjustment of the damping coefficient by varying the resistance of an external circuit, thereby indirectly controlling the system’s equivalent inertance. The inertial flywheel is flexibly coupled to the system through damping effects, effectively avoiding the mechanical shock associated with direct mechanical connections during adjustments. On this basis, the shock absorber is integrated into the quarter-vehicle suspension model. It was found that the damping and inertance of the suspension are coupled, and that changes in damping affect both the resonance peak value and resonance frequency of the suspension system. In order to achieve the desired control effect, a semi-active control strategy based on self-sensing estimation is proposed. This strategy can accurately estimate the motion state of the shock absorber and output positive power, thereby improving the desired control force tracking performance. Finally, the bench tests for characteristic verification and performance evaluation of variable inertance shock absorber were conducted. The experimental results show that the proposed variable inertance shock absorber can adjust the damping and inertia characteristics of suspension in real time, with its damping performance significantly outperforming that of passive suspension when using the proposed semi-active control strategy.

Key words: electromagnetic suspension, variable inertance, self-sensing estimation, semi-active control

中图分类号:

TH39

谭新桂, 李强, 谭博欢, 刘金刚, 宁东红, 刘鹏飞. 电磁可变惯容减振器柔性调控特性分析及控制方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(9): 172-181.

TAN Xingui, LI Qiang, TAN Bohuan, LIU Jingang, NING Donghong, LIU Pengfei. Analysis of the Flexible Control Characteristics and Control Method of Electromagnetic Variable Inertance Shock Absorber[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(9): 172-181.

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电磁可变惯容减振器柔性调控特性分析及控制方法研究

Analysis of the Flexible Control Characteristics and Control Method of Electromagnetic Variable Inertance Shock Absorber

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