考虑连接机构预紧作用的堆叠式多星组合体非线性动力学

doi:10.3901/JME.260007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 堆叠式多星组合体是一种适合于大规模星座建设的一箭多星发射布局方式，其中的平板卫星通过分布在四周的承力柱，上下相邻两层间接触连接，并通过在顶层施加轴向预紧力将组合体压紧；卫星间连接面导致了典型的组合体非线性结构动力学行为，因此如何建立合理的等效模型以及准确识别连接面参数，成为攻克这一关键技术的核心问题之一。针对这一问题，采用约束子结构超单元法建立了平板卫星的缩聚模型，采用薄层单元法建立了连接面等效模型，并通过约束条件对子结构进行装配从而建立了整体的简化有限元模型。为验证建立的有限元模型的正确性，以及进行连接面的参数识别，设计了组合体的缩比物理模型，并基于该模型进行模态实验，获取了不同预紧力矩下的频率响应函数。以薄层单元材料3个模量参数为优化变量，以组合体的前三阶模态频率为优化对象，识别了连接面刚度参数；以薄层单元材料阻尼系数为优化变量，以组合体频响函数一阶共振峰幅值为优化对象，识别了连接面阻尼参数。通过分析频响函数曲线随预紧力矩的变化情况，得出了预紧力矩对组合体非线性动力学特性的影响规律。

关键词: 堆叠式多星组合体, 薄层单元法, 非线性动力学, 星箭连接机构, 参数识别

Abstract: Multi-satellite stack represents a launch configuration well-suited for large-scale constellation deployment. Flat-panel satellites are interconnected through load-bearing columns distributed across the upper and lower layers, with axial preload applied to the top layer to compress the assembly. The connection surfaces between satellites introduce typical nonlinear structural dynamic behaviors. Consequently, establishing a reasonable equivalent model and accurately identifying the parameters of the connection surfaces are critical challenges in advancing this technology. To address these issues, this paper employs the constrained substructure super-element method to condense the flat-panel satellite model and the thin-layer element method to develop an equivalent model of the connection surfaces. The substructures are then assembled using constraint conditions to form a simplified finite element model of the entire assembly. A scaled physical model of the multi-satellite stack is designed to validate the finite element model and identify the parameters of the connection surfaces. Modal experiments are conducted to obtain the frequency response function under varying preload torques. The stiffness parameters of the connection surfaces are identified by optimizing the three modulus parameters of the thin-layer element material using the first three modal frequencies of the assembly as objectives. The damping parameters are identified by optimizing the damping coefficient of the thin-layer material using the first-order resonance peak amplitude of the frequency response function as the objective. Finally, the influence of preload torque on the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the multi-satellite stack is analyzed through changes in the frequency response function.

Key words: multi-satellite stack, thin-layer element, nonlinear dynamics, satellite-rocket connection mechanism, parameter identification

中图分类号:

O321

李元恒, 范瑞祥, 杨帆, 张宏剑, 吴会强, 陈华伟. 考虑连接机构预紧作用的堆叠式多星组合体非线性动力学[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(1): 125-136.

LI Yuanheng, FAN Ruixiang, YANG Fan, ZHANG Hongjian, WU Huiqiang, CHEN Huawei. Nonlinear Dynamics of Multi-satellite Stack with Pre-tightening in Connection Mechanism[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(1): 125-136.

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