低碳马氏体不锈钢焊缝金属韧性调控的研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.048

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 低碳马氏体不锈钢由于其优良的耐腐蚀性和综合力学性能被广泛应用于水利水电、石油化工等领域。焊接作为一种常用的连接方式在马氏体不锈钢的应用中必不可少，然而焊缝金属韧性不足的问题制约了马氏体不锈钢的进一步应用。因此提高焊缝金属韧性对于马氏体不锈钢的应用具有重要意义。基于近年来国内外有关研究成果，系统总结了低碳马氏体不锈钢韧化的影响因素与机理，包括残余奥氏体、逆转变奥氏体、δ铁素体、晶粒细化与夹杂物。综述了低碳马氏体不锈钢焊缝金属韧性的调控手段，如合金元素调控、焊接工艺优化、焊缝脱氧与焊后热处理等。同时总结了低碳马氏体不锈钢焊缝金属冲击断口存在的反常现象。并对后续研究提出了建议和展望。

关键词: 低碳马氏体不锈钢, 焊缝金属, 韧性, 晶粒细化

Abstract: Low carbon martensitic stainless steel is widely used in water conservancy and hydropower, petrochemical and other fields due to its excellent corrosion resistance and comprehensive mechanical properties. As a common joining method, welding is indispensable in the application of martensitic stainless steel. However, the problem of insufficient toughness of weld metal restricts the further application of martensitic stainless steel. Therefore, improving the toughness of weld metal is of great significance for the application of martensitic stainless steel. Based on the relevant research results in recent years, the influencing factors and toughening mechanisms of martensitic stainless steel were systematically summarized, including retained austenite, reversed austenite, δ ferrite, grain refinement and inclusions. The controlling methods of toughness of martensitic stainless steel weld metal are reviewed, such as alloy element controlling, welding process optimization, weld deoxidation and post-weld heat treatment. At the same time, the abnormal phenomena of impact fracture of martensitic stainless steel weld metal are summarized. Suggestions and prospects for follow-up research are put forward.

Key words: low carbon martensitic stainless steel, weld metal, toughness, grain refinement

中图分类号:

TG407

刘梓申, 曹睿. 低碳马氏体不锈钢焊缝金属韧性调控的研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 48-62.

LIU Zishen, CAO Rui. Research Progress on Toughness Control of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 48-62.

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