电弧超声对铝合金窄间隙GMAW焊缝气孔及组织均匀性的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.20.134

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 气孔缺陷及焊缝组织不均匀是导致厚壁铝合金摇动电弧窄间隙熔化极气体保护焊(Gas metal arc welding，GMAW)接头力学性能降低的主要起因。为降低焊缝气孔缺陷及改善组织均匀性，本研究将超声频电源通过电容及电阻与摇动电弧窄间隙GMAW系统进行并联，将超声能量引入5083铝合金窄间隙GMAW熔池内，系统研究电弧超声对5083铝合金窄间隙GMAW焊缝气孔及组织均匀性的影响规律。研究结果表明：利用电弧超声辅助5083铝合金摇动电弧窄间隙GMAW，有利于改善气孔分布的均匀性，减小气孔数量和气孔尺寸，进而降低焊缝的气孔率。单层焊气孔率最大下降幅度为60.8%，多层焊气孔率最大下降幅度为33.9%。施加电弧超声后，焊缝各部位晶粒尺寸均有所减小。无电弧超声和施加电弧超声下的晶粒直径的方差分别为2.17×10³和1.48×10³，5083铝合金摇动电弧窄间隙多层焊组织性均匀性得到显著改善。

关键词: 电弧超声, 铝合金, 窄间隙焊, 气孔, 组织均匀性

Abstract: Porosity defect and unhomogeneity of weld microstructure are the main causes of the decreased mechanical properties of narrow gap GMAW welded joint of thick wall aluminum alloy. In this paper, in order to reduce the porosity defect and improve the homogeneity of the microstructure in the weld, ultrasonic is introduced into the weld pool of 5083 aluminum alloy by parallel connection of ultrasonic power supply with the swing arc narrow gap GMAW system through capacitance and resistance. The effects of arc ultrasound on porosity and microstructure homogeneity of weld were investigated. The results show that：The introduction of arc ultrasonic in the narrow gap welding of aluminum alloy is beneficial to improve the homogeneity of pore distribution, reduce the number and size of pore, and then reduce the porosity of weld. After the application of arc ultrasound, the maximum porosity reduction of single-layer welding and multi-layer is 60.8% and 33.9%, respectively. After the application of arc ultrasound, the columnar crystal region decreases, the grain size from different parts of the weld decreases. The variances of grain diameter under non-arc ultrasound and applied arc ultrasound are 2.17×10³ and 1.48×10³, respectively. The microstructure homogeneity has been significantly improved for the swing arc narrow gap multilayer welding of 5083 aluminum alloy.

Key words: arc ultrasound, aluminium alloy, narrow gap welding, pore, homogeneity of microstructure

中图分类号:

TG444

陈琪昊, 应岳峰, 谢志宇, 林三宝, 毛欣宇, 王加友. 电弧超声对铝合金窄间隙GMAW焊缝气孔及组织均匀性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(20): 134-142.

CHEN Qihao, YING Yuefeng, XIE Zhiyu, LIN Sanbao, MAO Xinyu, WANG Jiayou. Influence of Arc Ultrasonic on the Pore and Homogeneity of Microstructure in the Narrow Gap GMAW of Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(20): 134-142.

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