风洞活动带地板技术研究现状与展望

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.18.313

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地面模拟技术可以通过消除风洞地板附面层来真实模拟近地位置的流场特征，保证试验的准确性进而促进产品稳定性、安全性和燃油经济性的提升，是飞行器及车辆研发的关键技术。然而，传统的固定地板模拟方法消除附面层能力差，模拟质量低。活动带地板技术是一种先进的地面模拟技术，可以模拟物体与地面相对运动，大幅减少附面层位移厚度。因此，系统综述活动带地板技术有助于提高当前地面效应研究综合能力，为航空工业、汽车工业等领域的技术创新提供坚实基础。分析地面效应研究的重要意义，总结出不同附面层消除方法的优势与不足；整体阐述风洞活动带地板发展历程；从带型结构角度探讨了不同活动带地板的技术特点；指出目前研发面临的技术难点与瓶颈，并重点从风洞天平、张紧纠偏技术、气浮技术及整流技术四方面讨论了活动带地板研制的关键技术问题。最终分享对活动带地板未来发展趋势的设想。为国内学者开展活动带地板研究提供参考，以期推动功能更丰富、性能更强大的活动带地板装置的开发与应用。

关键词: 活动带地板, 风洞试验, 地面模拟, 地面效应, 附面层

Abstract: The ground simulation technology can truly simulate the flow field characteristics at the near-earth positions by eliminating the boundary layer of the wind tunnel floor. It can ensure the accuracy of the test, and further promote the improvement of products' stability, safety and fuel economy. It is the key technology for the research and development of aircraft and vehicles. However, it is difficult for the traditional fixed floor simulation method to eliminate the boundary layer, and the simulation performance is not satisfactory. The moving belt floor technology is an advanced ground simulation technology, and can simulate the relative motion between the object and the ground, and greatly reduce the displacement thickness of the boundary layer. Therefore, the systematic review of the moving belt floor technology is helpful to improve the comprehensive capability of ground effect research, which can establish a solid foundation for the technological innovation in aviation industry, automobile industry and other fields. The significance of ground effect research is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different boundary layer elimination methods are summarized. The development course of wind tunnel's moving belt floors is expounded, and the technical characteristics of different moving belt floors are discussed from the perspective of belt structure. The technical difficulties and bottlenecks currently faced by the research and development of moving belt floor are identified. In addition, the key technical problems in the development of the moving belt floor technology are discussed from four aspects: wind tunnel balance, tension correction technology, air flotation technology and rectification technology. Finally, the future development trends of the moving belt floor technology are predicted. The study can provide reference for domestic scholars to carry out research on the moving belt floor technology, and is expected to promote the development and application of more functional and more powerful moving belt floor devices.

Key words: moving belt floor, wind tunnel test, ground simulation, ground effect, boundary layer

中图分类号:

V211
U467

周德开, 潘傲, 刘军民, 李朋春, 邵天双, 崔立冬, 李隆球. 风洞活动带地板技术研究现状与展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(18): 313-329.

ZHOU Dekai, PAN Ao, LIU Junmin, LI Pengchun, SHAO Tianshuang, CUI Lidong, LI Longqiu. Application Status and Prospect of the Technology for the Moving Belt Floor in Wind Tunnel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(18): 313-329.

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