基于车轮踏面凹磨演化控制的动车组运行稳定性优化研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.16.283

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 某型动车组列车在正常服役过程中，出现了因车轮踏面凹磨不断发展导致的列车运行稳定性显著下降的问题，为了提升车辆的运行稳定性并保证列车的行车安全，开展了车轮踏面磨耗和构架振动特性的跟踪试验研究，提出一种基于车轮踏面凹磨演化控制的动车组运行稳定性优化方法，从踏面磨耗源头着手解决稳定性低下问题。该方法提出采用凹磨位置、凹磨深度和凹磨宽度来定义车轮踏面的凹磨状态，然后基于BP神经网络建立实测踏面凹磨参数与等效锥度的映射关系模型，分析得到低等效锥度对应的凹磨参数特征，再筛选出关键车辆动力学参数并开展正交优化来改善车轮踏面的凹磨状态，进而提升车辆的运行稳定性。结果表明，通过该方法优化后，同公里数的车轮踏面凹磨深度降低了14.46%，踏面凹磨状态得到明显改善；同公里数的车轮等效锥度降低了16.39%，构架横向振动加速度降低了32.02%，车辆的运行稳定性得到显著提升；同时优化后的车辆平稳性和安全性仍满足标准要求。本研究将踏面凹磨演化和稳定性下降问题协同考虑，提出的优化方法可为其他高速列车稳定性下降问题的治理提供一定参考。

关键词: 动车组, 凹磨踏面, 稳定性, 等效锥度, BP神经网络

Abstract: During the normal service process of a certain type of EMU, there was a significant decrease in the operation stability of the train due to the continuous development of wheel tread wear. In order to improve the operation stability of the vehicle and ensure the safety of the train, the tracking tests were carried out on the wheel tread wear and the vibration characteristics of the frame. An optimization method of EMU operation stability based on the evolution control of wheel tread wear is proposed to solve the problem of low stability from the root cause of tread wear. This method proposes to use the hollow worn position, hollow worn depth and hollow worn width to define the hollow worn state of the wheel tread, and then establishes the mapping relationship model between tread hollow worn parameters and equivalent taper based on BP neural network, and analyzes the characteristics of the hollow worn parameters corresponding to the low equivalent taper, and then carries out orthogonal optimization on the key vehicle dynamic parameters to improve the hollow worn state of the wheel tread, and finally improves the vehicle's operation stability. The results show that after optimization by this method, the hollow worn depth of the wheel tread with the same mileage is reduced by 14.46%, and the hollow worn state of wheel tread is significantly improved; the equivalent conicity of the wheel with the same mileage is reduced by 16.39%, and the lateral vibration acceleration of the frame is reduced by 32.02%, so the operation stability of the vehicle is also significantly improved; at the same time, the ride comfort and safety of the vehicle still meet the standard requirements. This study synergistically considers the evolution of tread hollow wear and stability degradation, and the proposed optimization method can provide a certain reference for the treatment of stability degradation problems in other high-speed trains.

Key words: EMU trains, hollow worn tread, stability, equivalent conicity, BP neural network

中图分类号:

U270

王泽根, 宫岛, 周劲松, 刘广宇. 基于车轮踏面凹磨演化控制的动车组运行稳定性优化研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(16): 283-292.

WANG Zegen, GONG Dao, ZHOU Jinsong, LIU Guangyu. Optimization of EMU Operation Stability Based on Evolutionary Control of Wheel Tread Hollow Worn[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(16): 283-292.

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