面向装备热防护的碳化物超高温陶瓷研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.10.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新一代空天装备存在迫切的热防护需求，急需发展兼具优异热力学和抗氧化烧蚀性能的超高温陶瓷。其中，热学性能最为突出的碳化物超高温陶瓷体系存在力学和抗氧化性能短板。从碳化物超高温陶瓷的结构和性能特点出发，归纳增韧相引入和微结构仿生等强韧化设计对力学性能的增强效果；介绍调控其结构和性能的增熵化研究，涵盖阳离子固溶、阴离子修饰、高熵化设计；梳理碳化物超高温陶瓷热防护涂层的主要构筑方法，总结现有涂层的抗氧化烧蚀性能与机理；最后，从材料计算设计、强韧化和增熵化协同增强、烧蚀性能机理、大尺寸构件及涂层制备等方面对碳化物超高温陶瓷的主要发展方向进行展望。

关键词: 装备热防护, 碳化物超高温陶瓷, 强韧化, 熵调控, 热防护涂层

Abstract: Urgent thermal protection needs exist for the new generation of aerospace equipment, and there is an urgent need to develop ultra-high temperature ceramics with excellent thermodynamic, oxidation, and ablation resistance properties. Among them, the carbide ultra-high temperature ceramic system, which has the most outstanding thermal properties, has shortcomings in mechanics and oxidation resistance. Starting from the structure and properties of carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics, this review summarizes the enhancement effects of strengthening-toughening designs, including toughening phase introduction and microstructural bionization, on the mechanical properties. The entropy-enhancing research to modulate its structure and properties is introduced, covering cationic solid solution, anionic modification, and high-entropy design. The main construction methods of carbide ultra-high temperature ceramic thermal protective coatings are sorted out, and the oxidation and ablation resistance properties and mechanisms of the resulting coatings are summarized. Finally, the main development directions of carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics are outlined in terms of material computational design, synergistic enhancement by strengthening-toughening and entropy-enhancing, ablation property and mechanism, and preparation of large-size components and coatings.

Key words: equipment thermal protection, carbide ultra-high temperature ceramics, strengthening-toughening, entropy manipulation, thermal protective coatings

中图分类号:

TQ174

肖浚艺, 何鹏飞, 薛琳, 孙川, 梁秀兵, 程江波. 面向装备热防护的碳化物超高温陶瓷研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(10): 1-18.

XIAO Junyi, HE Pengfei, XUE Lin, SUN Chuan, LIANG Xiubing, CHENG Jiangbo. Research Progress in Carbide Ultra-high Temperature Ceramics for Equipment Thermal Protection[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(10): 1-18.

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