机械振动对铝合金脉冲MIG焊接接头沉淀相的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.08.138

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (8): 138-147.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.08.138

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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机械振动对铝合金脉冲MIG焊接接头沉淀相的影响

石铭霄¹, 陈九公¹, 李敬勇¹, 茅卫东^2,3, 李盛良^2,3, 马相⁴

1. 江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院镇江 212003;
2. 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司芜湖 241003;
3. 新能源汽车轻量化技术安徽省重点实验室芜湖 241003;
4. 挪威工业技术研究院奥斯陆 0314 挪威

收稿日期:2024-04-07 修回日期:2024-11-06 发布日期:2025-05-10
作者简介:石铭霄，男，1982年出生，博士，副教授，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为焊接冶金、新型焊接技术、异种金属及有色金属焊接和钢表面渗硼层制备技术。E-mail：smxjust@163.com;李敬勇(通信作者)，男，1963年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为新材料及有色金属连接技术、金属材料热处理和表面强化技术等。E-mail：ashorejg@163.com
基金资助:
安徽省科技重大专项(2019b05050006)、江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究重大(22KJA460011)和江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(SJCX21_1771)资助项目。

Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Precipitates of Pulsed MIG Welded Joint of Aluminum Alloy

SHI Mingxiao¹, CHEN Jiugong¹, LI Jingyong¹, MAO Weidong^2,3, LI Shengliang^2,3, MA Xiang⁴

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003;
2. Chery New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241003;
3. Anhui Key Laboratory of New Energy Automobile Lightweight Technology, Wuhu 241003;
4. SINTEF Industry, Oslo 0314, Norway

Received:2024-04-07 Revised:2024-11-06 Published:2025-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对6082铝合金脉冲MIG焊接过程中存在气孔、接头软化等瓶颈问题，提出机械振动辅助焊接的方法，采用高速摄像、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和力学性能测试等方法研究机械振动对电弧形态、熔滴过渡行为、焊缝气孔分布、接头沉淀相演变及力学性能的影响。结果表明，在焊接过程中施加机械振动，电弧不易发生飘移，熔滴过渡稳定，焊缝气孔数量减少。机械振动可以有效细化焊缝晶粒，促进焊缝中形成GP区，使热影响区中粗大的Mg₂Si沉淀相粒子尺寸减小，细小的α-AlFeMnSi沉淀相粒子数量增多，分布更加弥散，产生明显的沉淀硬化效果，提高接头强度和硬度。当振动频率为100 Hz时，接头的抗拉强度最高，达到246 MPa，与不施加振动的接头强度相比提高了约12%。过大的机械振动频率会导致焊缝成形变差，恶化接头的力学性能。研究成果对于提高新能源汽车车身的铝合金空间框架结构的服役安全性和使用寿命具有重要意义。

关键词: 6082-T6铝合金, 机械振动, 脉冲MIG焊, 沉淀相

Abstract: Aiming at the critical technical issues such as porosity and joint softening in the pulsed MIG welding process of 6082 aluminum alloy, a mechanical vibration-assisted welding method was proposed. The high-speed camera, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and testing of mechanical properties are used to study the effect of mechanical vibration on the arc morphology, droplet transfer behaviour, porosity distribution, precipitate evolution, and mechanical properties. The results show that when mechanical vibration is applied during welding, the arc is less likely to drift, the droplet transfer is stable, and the number of weld pores is reduced. Mechanical vibration can effectively refine the grains and promote the formation of GP zones in the weld, reduce the size of coarse Mg₂Si particles but increase the number of fine α-AlFeMnSi particles in the heat affected zone, and make the distribution of precipitates more dispersed, resulting in obvious precipitation-hardening effect and thus improving the strength and hardness of the joint. At a vibration frequency of 100 Hz, the joint has the maximum tensile strength of 246 MPa, an increase of approximately 12% compared to the joint obtained without mechanical vibration. Excessive vibrational frequency can lead to a poor appearance of weld, thus deteriorating the mechanical properties of the joint. The results are of important significance in increasing the service safety and life of the bodies of electric cars.

Key words: 6082-T6 aluminum alloy, mechanical vibration, pulsed MIG welding, precipitate

中图分类号:

TG455

石铭霄, 陈九公, 李敬勇, 茅卫东, 李盛良, 马相. 机械振动对铝合金脉冲MIG焊接接头沉淀相的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(8): 138-147.

SHI Mingxiao, CHEN Jiugong, LI Jingyong, MAO Weidong, LI Shengliang, MA Xiang. Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Precipitates of Pulsed MIG Welded Joint of Aluminum Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(8): 138-147.

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机械振动对铝合金脉冲MIG焊接接头沉淀相的影响

Effect of Mechanical Vibration on Precipitates of Pulsed MIG Welded Joint of Aluminum Alloy

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