基于应变测量的动-静扭矩传感方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.03.314

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在轴间串接扭矩传感器开展扭矩测量会因负载效应导致扭矩测量精度降低，且常用的扭矩传感器仅能测试静态扭矩或动态扭矩。为兼顾静态扭矩和动态扭矩的高精度测量，提出一种基于应变测量的动-静扭矩传感方法，首先建立扭转轴的扭转变形力学模型，推导了扭转角随扭矩的变化关系，结合有限元仿真研究了扭转轴的应变分布规律，确定应变片布片位置，通过将应变片以惠斯通全桥接线的方式连接来获取扭转加载条件下的主应变信号，并将主应变信号在设计的传感系统中进行调制实现扭转主应变到扭矩信号的转换，从而实现静态扭矩和动态扭矩的高精度测量。最后，基于扭转万能材料实验机(Mechanical testing & simulation, MTS)和摩擦实验台分别开展了静态扭矩与动态扭矩的实验测试，结果表明静态扭矩测试结果与理论计算扭矩以及MTS准静态加载扭矩相吻合且线性度高，测量误差在0.47%以下；同时动态测试结果显示在60 r/min、100 r/min、200 r/min、300 r/min转速下的动态扭矩测量结果与摩擦实验台加载的动态扭矩相吻合，测量误差在5%以下，表明低转速对动态扭矩测量影响较小且证明了动态扭矩测试的稳定性，因此提出的基于应变测量的动-静扭矩传感方法可以实现静/动态扭矩的高精度测量。

关键词: 应变测量, 传感, 静态扭矩, 动态扭矩

Abstract: When torque sensors are connected between shafts, the precision of torque measurement will be reduced due to loading effect, and then the commonly used torque sensors can only test static torque or dynamic torque. In order to achieve high-precision measurement of static and dynamic torque, a dynamic-static torque sensing method based on strain measurement is proposed. Firstly, the torsional deformation model of shaft is established and the relationship between torque and rotational angle is deduced. The principal strain distribution of the torsional shaft is analyzed by finite element simulation, and the optimal location of strain measurement is determined. Four strain gauges are connected in the Wheatstone full-bridge manner to obtain the torsional principal strain signal under torsional loading, and the principal strain signal is modulated in the designed sensing system to realize the transformation from torsional principal strain to torque signal, which can realize the high precision measurement of static and dynamic torque. Finally, the experiments of static and dynamic torque are carried out based on the material testing machine (MTS) and friction test table, respectively. The results show that the test results of static torque are consistent with the theoretical torque and quasi-static loading torque of MTS, which possess high linearity, and the measurement error is less than 0.47%. Meanwhile, the experimental results of dynamic torque at rotational speeds of 60 r/min, 100 r/min, 200 r/min and 300 r/min have good agreement with the dynamic torque loaded by the friction testing machine, whose measurement error is less than 5%, which indicates that the low rotational speed has little influence on the dynamic torque measurement and proves the dynamic stability of the torque test. Therefore, the proposed dynamic-static torque sensing method based on strain measurement can realize the high precision measurement.

Key words: strain measurement, sensing, static torque, dynamic torque

中图分类号:

TP212

董光旭, 林睿深, 罗亚军, 彭裕阳, 余文涯, 张秉豪, 邱兰. 基于应变测量的动-静扭矩传感方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(3): 314-324.

DONG Guangxu, LIN Ruishen, LUO Yajun, PENG Yuyang, YU Wenya, ZHANG Binghao, QIU Lan. Research on Dynamic-static Torque Sensing Method Based on Strain Measurement[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(3): 314-324.

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