精密装配的内涵、技术体系和发展趋势

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.20.436

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (20): 436-450.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.20.436

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精密装配的内涵、技术体系和发展趋势

刘检华^1,2, 夏焕雄^1,2, 巩浩^1,2, 刘少丽^1,2, 庄存波^1,2, 敖晓辉^1,2

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
2. 北京理工大学唐山研究院唐山 063015

收稿日期:2023-07-06 修回日期:2023-08-25 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-12-08
通讯作者: 夏焕雄(通信作者),男,1987年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为精密装配、胶接装配、多场耦合建模仿真。E-mail:hxia@bit.edu.cn
作者简介:刘检华,男,1977年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为精密装配技术。E-mail:jeffliu@bit.edu.cn;巩浩,男,1992年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为精密装配、装配智能检测、螺纹高可靠性连接和松动失效机理。E-mail:gongh0220@bit.edu.cn;庄存波,男,1991年出生,博士,副研究员,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为装配MES技术、数字孪生技术。E-mail:zhuangdavid@bit.edu.cn;刘少丽,女,1984年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为数字化检测技术。E-mail:liushaoli@bit.edu.cn;敖晓辉,男,1986年出生,博士,助理研究员,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为金属与合金特种成型、多物理场仿真与优化技术。E-mail:xhao@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3403800)、国家自然科学基金(51935003，52005042)、173技术领域基金(2022-JCJQ-JJ-0102)、国防基础科研(JCKY2022203B006，JCKY2021602B032，JCKY2019210B004)和装备重大基础研究(514010208-301)资助项目。

Connotation, Technical System and Development Trend of Precision Assembly

LIU Jianhua^1,2, XIA Huanxiong^1,2, GONG Hao^1,2, LIU Shaoli^1,2, ZHUANG Cunbo^1,2, AO Xiaohui^1,2

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. Tangshan Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tangshan 063015

Received:2023-07-06 Revised:2023-08-25 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着人类科技不断向极高精度和极端工况发起挑战，高端装备对极致精度与性能的需求日益迫切，传统的以几何量控制为主的装配理论，已无法完全解决高端装备的高精度和高稳定精密装配难题。针对以上问题，首先分析了精密装配的基本特征，综述了精密装配技术的国内外研究现状，在此基础上提出一种介观尺度的精密装配理论与方法，建立精密装配技术体系，提炼精密装配的界面问题、跨尺度问题、不确定性问题等三个基础问题，提出涵盖装配连接技术、装配精度分析、装配性能稳定性分析与调控、装配不确定性分析与优化、装配工艺与装备、装配数字孪生、装配测量与测试等7个方面的精密装配研究体系。最后指出精密装配研究需要从几何、材料、装配、使役等多个维度来分析装配性能形成、演变与调控机理，并给出精密装配的集成化、微/纳化和智能化的未来发展方向。

关键词: 精密装配, 装配精度, 装配界面, 介观尺度, 性能稳定性, 不确定性

Abstract: As human science and technology continue to challenge extremely high precision and bad working conditions, high-end equipment has an increasingly urgent need for ultimate precision and performance. However, traditional assembly theories based on geometric quantity control fall short in addressing the issues of high-precision assembly and maintaining performance under complex working conditions. In response to the above problems, the essential features of precision assembly are first analyzed, and its state-of-the-art is then reviewed. Subsequently, a mesoscale precision-assembly theory and method are proposed, and its technical system is established. Three fundamental issues of precision assembly involving interface, cross-scale, and uncertainty and raised, and the research framework of precision assembly is presented, which covers seven aspects, including assembly joint technology, assembly accuracy analysis, assembly performance stability analysis and control, assembly uncertainty analysis and optimization, assembly process and equipment, assembly digital twin, and assembly measurement and test. Finally, an opinion that precision assembly requires analyzing the formation, evolution, and regulation mechanisms of assembly performance from multiple aspects, such as geometry, materials, assembly, and service, are pointed out, and the future development directions of integration, micro/nano, and intelligence of precision assembly are indicated.

Key words: precision assembly, assembly accuracy, assembly interface, mesoscopic scale, performance stability, uncertainty

中图分类号:

TH156

刘检华, 夏焕雄, 巩浩, 刘少丽, 庄存波, 敖晓辉. 精密装配的内涵、技术体系和发展趋势[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(20): 436-450.

LIU Jianhua, XIA Huanxiong, GONG Hao, LIU Shaoli, ZHUANG Cunbo, AO Xiaohui. Connotation, Technical System and Development Trend of Precision Assembly[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(20): 436-450.

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精密装配的内涵、技术体系和发展趋势

Connotation, Technical System and Development Trend of Precision Assembly

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