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机械工程学报

机械工程学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (17): 136-147.doi: 10.3901/JME.2023.17.136

• 机械动力学 • 上一篇    下一篇

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基于应变能分布的高速转子系统动力特性设计

刘聪1, 杨海2, 杨哲夫1, 洪杰1,3, 王永锋1   

  1. 1. 北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院 北京 102206;
    2. 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 株洲 412002;
    3 北京航空航天大学航空发动机研究院 北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-19 修回日期:2023-03-17 出版日期:2023-09-05 发布日期:2023-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 王永锋(通信作者),男,1992年出生,博士,博士后。主要研究方向为航空燃气轮机结构动力学与振动控制。E-mail:wangyongfeng@buaa.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘聪,男,1998年出生。主要研究方向为航空燃气轮机结构及转子动力学设计。E-mail:sy2104107@buaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科技专项（2017-Ⅰ-0008-0009）和航空发动机及燃气轮机基础科学中心项目（P2021-A-I-002-002）资助项目。

Dynamic Property Design of High-speed Rotor System Based on Strain Energy Distribution

LIU Cong1, YANG Hai2, YANG Zhefu1, HONG Jie1,3, WANG Yongfeng1   

  1. 1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 102206;
    2. AECC Hunan Aviation Powerplant Research Institute, Zhuzhou 412002;
    3. Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 102206
  • Received:2022-09-19 Revised:2023-03-17 Online:2023-09-05 Published:2023-11-16

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摘要： 针对高速转子系统动力特性优化设计中，迭代参数多、影响规律不清、迭代计算过程繁琐等问题，建立了考虑惯性主轴偏斜、盘轴连接局部刚度等关键结构特征的高速转子系统动力学模型，基于Rayleigh法与欧拉梁理论，揭示了整体一弯振型下转子应变能分布与临界转速、支点动载荷间内在关联，并得到了转子临界转速特性、载荷特征等随高速运转状态下转子弹性结构单元应变能占比的变化规律。算例结果表明，高速转子整体一弯振型下的应变能分布与其临界转速、支点动载荷特征具有极高的相关性，并对盘轴连接局部刚度等关键结构设计参数较为敏感。据此，提出了以应变能分布为优化设计目标的新思路，发展了基于应变能分布的高速转子动力特性设计方法，相较于传统的谐响应分析方法，迭代设计总耗时缩短了98%，且以应变能分布控制转子临界转速、支点动载荷时，控制误差不超过3%，有效避免了传统高速转子迭代设计过程中计算量大、耗时长等不足，在航空燃气轮机高速转子动力学设计中具有工程实用价值。

关键词: 动力特性设计, 高速转子, 应变能分布, 临界转速, 支点动载荷

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of numerous iterative parameters, unclear influence rules, and cumbersome iterative calculation process in the optimization design of dynamic characteristics of high-speed rotor system, a dynamic model of high-speed rotor system is established considering key structural features such as skew of principal axes of inertia and local stiffness between the disk and shaft, the intrinsic relationship between rotor strain energy distribution under first bending mode and the critical speed as well as bearing dynamic load is revealed based on the Rayleigh method and Euler beam theory, and the variation law of the critical speeds and load characteristics of the rotor with the strain energy proportion of elastic structural elements under high operating speed is obtained. The results of the numerical example show that strain energy distribution of the high-speed rotor under first bending mode has a high correlation with its critical speed as well as bearing dynamic load, and is sensitive to key structural design parameters such as local stiffness between the disk and shaft. Accordingly, a new idea of taking the strain energy distribution as optimal design goal is proposed, and a high-speed rotor dynamic characteristic design method based on strain energy distribution is developed. Compared with traditional harmonic response analysis method, this method reduces total iterative design time by 98%, and when the critical speed and bearing dynamic load are controlled by strain energy distribution, the control relative error does not exceed 3%, which effectively avoids large amount of calculation and time-consuming in the traditional iterative design process of high-speed rotor, showing engineering practical value in the high-speed rotor dynamics design of aircraft gas turbine engines.

Key words: design of dynamic properties, high-speed rotor, strain energy distribution, critical speeds, bearing dynamic load

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