振动频率对电涡流阻尼非线性行为的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.13.110

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 电涡流阻尼器是一种非接触式的阻尼消振装置，在结构振动控制领域具有广泛的应用前景。但是电涡流阻尼在实验中表现出显著的振动频率相关性，具有明显的阻尼非线性特征，而目前尚缺少深入的研究方法对这一现象进行定量分析与机理阐释。为此，以板式电涡流阻尼器为研究对象，考虑电涡流产生的时变反抗磁场的作用，提出了基于动磁场分布的电涡流阻尼力简化计算方法，并通过全耦合的磁-力有限元仿真及实验等验证了简化方法的有效性。与基于静磁场分布的传统线性电涡流阻尼模型相比较，该简化方法可以有效表征不同振动频率工况下阻尼力的非线性变化趋势；在100 Hz频率范围内，简化方法与精细有限元方法的计算结果之间表现出良好的一致性，误差不超过10%。之后进一步分析了运动诱导的反抗磁场强度和动磁场相位延迟与振动频率的相关性，进而揭示了两者对电涡流阻尼的竞争影响机制。研究结果表明，在振动频率较低时，电涡流阻尼的非线性主要受控于频率增大引发的动磁场相位延迟；而随着振动频率的持续增大，动磁场相位延迟的影响逐渐减弱，电涡流阻尼的非线性主要受控于反抗磁场对静磁场的影响。研究结论为电涡流阻尼器的宽频减振设计提供了有益的理论参考。

关键词: 电涡流阻尼, 动态磁场分布, 反抗磁场, 非线性, 相位延迟

Abstract: The eddy current damper is a non-contact damping device to realize vibration attenuation with wide application prospects in the field of structural vibration control. However, the eddy current damping shows obvious vibration frequency dependency with nonlinear damping characteristics, and there are no thorough research methods to quantitatively analyze and theoretically explain the phenomenon. Therefore, taking the eddy current damper with a plate configuration as the research object, the simplified calculation method of the eddy current damping force is proposed considering the effects of the time-varying opposing magnetic field caused by eddy currents based on the distribution of the dynamic magnetic field. Moreover, the validity of the simplified method is verified by the fully coupled magnetic-mechanical finite element simulations and experiments. Compared to the traditional linear eddy current damping model based on the distribution of the static magnetic field, the simplified method is available to characterize the nonlinear changing trend of the damping force under different vibration frequencies effectively. Within 100 Hz, there is a good agreement between the calculation results by the simplified method and that by the fine finite element method with the error no more than 10%. Furthermore, the correlation between the opposing magnetic field intensity and the dynamic magnetic field phase delay both induced by motions and vibration frequency is analyzed, and then the competitive effect mechanism of them on eddy current damping is revealed. The results show that in the low frequency range, the nonlinearity of eddy current damping mainly depends on the dynamic magnetic field phase delay caused by the increase of frequency. As the frequency continues to increase, the influence of the dynamic magnetic field phase delay is gradually weakened, and the nonlinearity of eddy current damping is mainly determined by the influence of the opposing magnetic field on the static magnetic field. Finally, the conclusion provides a beneficial theoretical reference for the design of eddy current dampers in broadband vibration suppression.

Key words: eddy current damping, dynamic magnetic field distribution, opposing magnetic field, nonlinearity, phase delay

中图分类号:

TB535

李力源, 李斌, 王东升. 振动频率对电涡流阻尼非线性行为的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(13): 110-123.

LI Liyuan, LI Bin, WANG Dongsheng. Effects of Vibration Frequency on the Nonlinear Behavior of the Eddy Current Damping[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(13): 110-123.

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