螺纹紧固件咬死失效的热力学分析和试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2023.10.346

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 螺纹紧固件咬死失效是螺纹拧紧过程中的一种典型失效形式,针对当前缺少螺纹表面微观形貌在旋合过程中摩擦生热的热力学模型,导致咬死失效的机理不清楚,以及缺少咬死失效定量评价指标的现状,首先研究构建螺纹面微凸体模型,基于HERTZ接触理论建立螺纹紧固件在拧紧过程中的热量累积和温升模型,从理论层面揭示咬死失效机理;接着通过扭拉试验机对螺纹紧固件进行重复拧紧试验,研究螺纹紧固件发生咬死失效时各种紧固参数的变化规律,提出评估咬死失效的指标体系,即转角-扭矩曲线的齿形波动、螺纹扭矩系数和螺纹摩擦因数增长率超过50%;通过记录螺纹紧固件出现咬死失效的拧紧次数,提出了定量评价螺纹紧固件防咬死性能的试验方法和指标,并系统获得了螺母材料、螺栓/螺母配合间隙、配合螺纹表面硬度差和螺纹摩擦因数等因素对螺纹紧固件防咬死性能的影响规律。

关键词: 螺纹紧固件, 咬死失效, 热力学, 拧紧试验, 定量指标

Abstract: The seizure failure of threaded fasteners is a typical failure form during the tightening process. In view of the lack of thermodynamic model of friction heat generation for the micromorphology on the thread surface in the tightening process which causes the mechanism of seizure failure unclear, and the lack of quantitative evaluation indication of seizure failure, an asperity model was firstly established. Subsequently, the heat accumulation and temperature rise models for the asperity on the thread surface were established based on HERTZ contact theory. The mechanism of seizure failure was revealed theoretically. Then repeated tightening experiments were carried out on threaded fasteners by torsion-tension testing machine to study the variation of various fastening parameters. The indication system for evaluating the seizure failure was proposed, including the tooth fluctuation of the angle-torque curve, and the over 50% increase rate for the torque coefficient and thread friction coefficient. the testing method and indication for quantitatively evaluating the anti-seizure performance of thread fasteners were put forward by recording the tightening times when the seizure failure occurred. The influences of nut material, bolt/nut clearance, surface hardness difference and thread friction coefficient on the anti-seizure performance of threaded fasteners were systematically obtained.

Key words: threaded fasteners, seizure failure, thermodynamics, tightening experiment, quantitative indication

中图分类号:

TG156

张忠伟, 刘检华, 巩浩, 邓新建, 刘晓玉. 螺纹紧固件咬死失效的热力学分析和试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2023, 59(10): 346-356.

ZHANG Zhongwei, LIU Jianhua, GONG Hao, DENG Xinjian, LIU Xiaoyu. Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Study on Seizure Failure of Threaded Fasteners[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 59(10): 346-356.

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