航天器对接与捕获技术综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.20.215

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 航天器对接与捕获技术（Docking&capture technology，DCT）是实现航天器之间在轨连接、控制与分离，建立组合体间人员或资源交互的技术。对航天器对接与捕获技术的研究背景、发展历程、发展趋势、应用前景、技术内涵等内容进行了综述，首先从运载局限性催生对接技术发展、在轨服务需求爆发促进对接技术发展、空间碎片清理任务推动捕获技术发展等角度阐述了航天器对接与捕获技术的研究背景。从时间维度总结了该技术发展的三个历程，从技术途径角度概括了该技术的五个发展趋势。从在轨延寿、在轨手术、地外基建、轨道修正四个方面梳理了该技术的应用前景，提炼了该研究领域的八项关键技术。最后，给出了我国在该领域开展研究的方向和建议，为航天器在轨对接与捕获技术的未来研究提供参考。

关键词: 在轨服务, 对接机构, 捕获机构

Abstract: Spacecraft docking and capture technology (DCT) is a technique for to realize on-orbit connection, control and separation, and to establish crew or resource interaction between spacecrafts. the research background, development history, development trend, application prospect and technical connotation of spacecraft DCT are summarized. Firstly, the research background of spacecraft DCT is elaborated from three perspectives, which are launch vehicle size limitations generating on-orbit assembly, on-orbit service mission explosion promoting process, as well as space debris cleanup mission pushing revolution, to promote the development of DCT. Secondly, the three development history phases of the technology are extracted from the time dimension. the five development trends of the technology from the angle of the technical approaches are refined. The application prospects of this technology, from four aspects:on-orbit life extension, on-orbit operation, off-earth infrastructure and orbit modification are demonstrated. The eight key technologies in this research field are abstracted. Finally, the research direction and suggestions in this field in China are given, which is expected to provide reference for the research of DCT.

Key words: in-orbit services, docking mechanism, capture mechanism

中图分类号:

V526

王文龙, 杨建中. 航天器对接与捕获技术综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(20): 215-231.

WANG Wenlong, YANG Jianzhong. Spacecraft Docking & Capture Technology: Review[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(20): 215-231.

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