深海采矿提升系统研究综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.20.232

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 将粗颗粒矿物从数千米的海底提升到水面是深海采矿需要解决的一个关键技术难题。以深海矿产的商业开采为背景，从技术原理的角度对当前几种典型的深海采矿提升系统进行研究，根据深海矿物商业开采的高产能高效率要求，从提升系统的工作机理、结构方案、输送能力、系统效率及实施可行性等方面进行剖析，结果表明，机械式提升系统能量利用率高，但存在作业过程中缆绳可能发生缠绕，实现商业开采产能尚有难度；气力提升系统结构简单，但系统效率低且需采用大直径的提升管道，会增加管道布放回收及整个采矿系统运行的成本和难度；综合对比各方面，对于高扬程大产能的深海矿物提升而言，离心泵水力管道提升是一种综合性较优的提升方案。

关键词: 深海采矿, 机械提升系统, 气力提升系统, 水力提升系统, 离心泵

Abstract: Raising coarse mineral particles to sea level from the seabed of several kilometers deep is considered a key technical problem in deep sea mining. Based on the background of commercial exploitation of deep-sea minerals, several typical lifting systems of deep sea mining are studied from the perspective of technical principles. According to the high productivity and high efficiency requirements of commercial deep-sea mineral mining, the lifting system is analyzed from the aspects of working mechanism, structural scheme, conveying capacity, system efficiency and implementation feasibility. The mechanical lifting system has a high energy efficiency, but the cable may be entangled during the operation of the system and it is still difficult to achieve commercial mining capacity. The air lifting system has a simple structure, but the efficiency of the system is low and large-diameter lifting pipes are required, which will increase the cost and difficulty of pipe deployment and recovery and the operation of the entire mining system. Although different lifting schemes have their own advantages, hydraulic pipeline lifting with centrifugal pump is considered to be a comprehensive scheme for commercial exploitation with high head and large production capacity.

Key words: deep sea mining, mechanical lifting system, pneumatic lifting system, hydraulic lifting system, centrifugal pump

中图分类号:

TD857

康娅娟, 刘少军. 深海采矿提升系统研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(20): 232-243.

KANG Yajuan, LIU Shaojun. Summary of Research on Lifting System of Deep Sea Mining[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(20): 232-243.

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