基于杠杆模式施载的圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具刃磨机床研制

doi:10.3901/JME.2016.09.201

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具,实现在线换刃技术是解决光栅刻画刀具使用寿命问题的一种有效的途径。在线换刃圆弧光栅刻画刀具对刃口质量及精度要求高,刃磨制作工艺难度大,且国内外市场几无此类刃磨设备,需要自行设计制作圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具刃磨机床。在圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具刃磨试验设备设计制作及圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具刃磨制作工艺研究基础上,针对圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具的刃磨特点,设计新型的基于杠杆模式施载的圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具刃磨机床;根据传统机床的设计程序,对刃磨机床的功能、总体设计及详细结构设计展开研究,并对施载与微进给机构进行了振动分析,排除了出现共振的可能性。最后完成了该机床的机械装调,并刃磨制作一把圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具,其定向角∠D=63 °,刀尖角∠J=90 °,刃圆半径R=8.56 mm,在460倍体视显微镜下观察无崩口等缺陷,刃口弧线清晰可见。刀具检测及观测结果表明,所设计的圆弧刃刀具刃磨机床适用于圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具的刃磨制作,所采用的分析及设计方法对圆弧刃刀具刃磨机床及其他机床的设计和研制具有实际指导意义。

关键词: 杠杆模式, 光栅刻画刀, 刃磨机床, 圆弧刃

Abstract: It is an effective way to solve the problem of tool life and realize on-line edge turning technique by using arc-edge grating ruling tool in grating ruling process. Arc-edge ruling tool has a high demand for the accuracy and quality of tool edge. It is difficult to make the arc-edge grating ruling tool with on-line edge turning function, and there is barely arc-edge tool lapping machine for grating ruling at home and abroad. So above-mentioned machine needs to be developed urgently. Based on the development of lapping technique and lapping machine for arc-edge grating ruling tool, a new type of arc-edge tool lapping machine for grating ruling based on leverage load mode is designed. According to traditional machine design procedure, function analysis, overall design, and detailed structural design of the machine are studied; the vibration of micro feed system and load system is analyzed, and the resonance possibility of the machine during lapping tool process is excluded. Finally, the assembling and adjusting of the machine is finished, and an arc-edge tool is produced with designed orientation angles ∠D(63 °), nose angle ∠J(90 °) and arc-edge radius R(8.56 mm). Observed by an microscope with 460-time magnification, arc edge of the above ruling tool is clearly visible, fine and clean, no chipping defects etc.. The results illustrate that the arc-edge tool lapping machine designed by this method can be used to lap arc-edge grating ruling tool. It also demonstrates that the above analysis and design method is meaningful to the design of arc-edge tool lapping machine and other machines.

Key words: arc-edge, grating ruling tool, leverage mode, tool lapping machine

中图分类号:

TP271

吉日嘎兰图, 李晓天, 刘凯, 张善文, 巴音贺希格, 齐向东, 唐玉国. 基于杠杆模式施载的圆弧刃光栅刻画刀具刃磨机床研制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(9): 201-207.

Jirigalantu, LI Xiaotian, LIU Kai, ZHANG Shanwen, Bayanheshig, QI Xiangdong, TANG Yuguo. Development of Arc-edge Tool Lapping Machine for Grating Ruling Based on Leverage Load Mode[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(9): 201-207.

参考文献

[1] GEORGE R H. The diffraction grating an opinionated appraisal[J]. Applied Optics,1973,12(9)：2039-2049.
[2] 李英海,巴音贺希格,齐向东. 用于衍射光栅刻画的超精密金刚石刻刀的研制[J]. 微细加工技术程,2006(6)：15-17.
LI Yinghai,Bayanheshig,QI Xiangdong. The manufacture of ultra-precision diamond tool used the diffraction grating ruling[J]. Microfabrication Technology Processes,2006(6)：15-17.
[3] 祝绍箕,邹海兴,包学诚,等. 衍射光栅[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社,1986.
ZHU Shaoji,ZOU Haixing,BAO Xuecheng,et al. Diffraction gratings[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press,1986.
[4] 李英海. 超精密金刚石刀具—衍射光栅刻画刀[J]. 光学精密工程,1996,4(3)：81-84.
LI Yinghai. Super—fine diamond tools for ruling diffraction gratings [J]. Opt. Precision Eng.,1996,4(3)：81-84.
[5] GEORGE R H. The production of diffraction gratings：II. The design of echelle gratings and spectrographs[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,1949,39(7)：522-528.
[6] Jirigalantu,Bayanheshig,QI Xiangdong. The research of rigid lapping technique on diamond grating ruling tool [C]// 2010 International Conference on Materials Science and Engineering Science(ICMSES),Advanced Materials Research,2010,179-180：641-645(EI：20110713657393).
[7] 夏志辉.天然金刚石刀具刃磨技术及设备研究[D]. 大连：大连理工大学,2005.
XIA Zhihui. An investigation of technologies for grinding natural diamond tools cutting edge and equipments[D]. Dalian：Dalian University of Technology,2005.
[8] 李增强. 圆弧刃金刚石刀具刃磨中的关键技术[J]. 工具技术,2004,38(9)：105-107.
LI Zengqiang. Key technique of grinding circular arc diamond cutting tool[J]. Tool Technology,2004,38(9)： 105-107.
[9] 宗文俊. 单晶金刚石晶体的机械研磨[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报,2005,37(8)：1036-1045.
ZONG Wenjun. Mechanical lapping single crystal diamond[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2005,37(8)：1036-1045.
[10] 宗文俊. 高精度金刚石刀具的机械刃磨技术及其切削性能优化研究[D]. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
ZONG Wenjun. Mechanical lapping techniques and cutting performance optimization of high-accuracy diamond cutting tools[D]. Harbin：Harbin Institute of Technology,2008.
[11] 粟时平. 多轴数控机床精度建模与误差补偿方法研究[D]. 长沙：国防科技大学,2002.
SHU Shiping. Study on the methods of precision modeling and error compensation for multi-axis CNC machine tools[D]. Changsha：National University of Defense Technology,2002.
[12] HIRD J R, FIELD J E. A wear mechanism map for the diamond polishing process [J]. Wear,2005,258：18-25.
[13] BOUWELEN V F M. Diamond polishing from different angles[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2000,9：925-928.
[14] GRILLO S E,FIELD J E,BOUWELEN V F M. Diamond polishing：The dependency of friction and wear on load and crystal orientation[J]. Appl. Phys.,2000,33：985-990.
[15] 卓耀彬,周晓军,陆林荣,等. 高速关节轴承摆动工作特性检测系统研制[J]. 仪器仪表学报,2014,35(3)：593-600.
ZHUO Yaobin,ZHOU Xiaojun,LU Linrong,et al. Research on the inspection system for high-speed spherical bearing performance characteristics in an oscillating application[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2014,35(3)：593-600.
[16] 马立,肖金涛,周莎莎,等. 杠杆式尺蠖压电直线驱动器[J]. 光学精密工程,2015,23(1)：184-190.
MA Li,XIAO Jintao,ZHOU Shasha,et al. Linear lever-type piezoelectric inchworm actuator[J]. Opt. Precision Eng.,2015,23(1)：184-190.
[17] 李仕华,冯伟波,秦利,等. 不同重力环境下含间隙铰位置和碰撞力[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,51(17)：51-58.
LI Shihua,FENG Weibo,QIN Li,et al. Effect of different gravity environment on the position and collision force of joint with clearance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(17)：51-58.
[18] 方建士,黎亮,章定国,等. 基于刚柔耦合动力学的旋转悬臂梁的频率转向与振型转换特性[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,51(17)：59-65.
FANG Jianshi,LI Liang,ZHANG Dingguo,et al. Frequency veering and mode shape Interaction properties of a rotating cantilever beam based on rigid-flexible coupling dynamics[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(17)：59-65.
[19] 糜小涛,于宏柱,于海利,等. 大型衍射光栅刻画机拉杆结构的分析与改进[J]. 光学精密工程,2015,23(3)：745-762.
MI Xiaotao,YU Hongzhu,YU Haili,et al. Analysis and improvement of rod structures for large diffraction grating ruling engines[J]. Opt. Precision Eng.,2015,23(3)：745-762.
[20] 朱坚民,张统超,李孝茹,等. 基于结合部刚度特性的滚珠丝杠进给系统动态特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2015,51(17)：72-82.
ZHU Jianmin,ZHANG Tongchao,LI Xiaoru,et al. Dynamic characteristic analysis of ball screw feed system based on stiffness characteristic of mechanical joints[J].
21 Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2015,51(17)：72-82.
[21] 李勇,周骋,郭旻. 采用步进电动机驱动的摩擦传动微进给机构[J]. 清华大学学报,2004,44(2)：170-173.
LI Yong,ZHOU Cheng,GUO Min,et al. Minsubmicron friction drive mechanism driven by a stepping motor[J]. J. Tsinghua Univ.,2004,44(2)：170-173.
[22] 庄夔,庄永方,王玉民,等. 超微进给工作台及超薄切片机[J]. 仪器仪表学报,1995,16(1)：193-196.
ZHUANG Kui,ZHUANG Yongfang,WANG Yumin,et al. Ultramicro-feed holderand and ultramicrotome [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,1995,16(1)：193-196.
[23] 杨力,杨静,庞亚娜. 机床用组合铰链微进给平台静动特性分析[J]. 西安理工大学学报,2013,29(4)：481-484.
YANG Li,YANG Jing,PANG Yana. The dynamic characteristic analysis of combination hinge micro feeding platform for machine tools[J]. Journal of Xi’an University of Technology,2013,29(4)：481-484.
[24] 张强,卢泽生. 基于有限元分析的纳米级微进给工作台的设计[J]. 航空精密制造技术,2005,41(1)：6-10.
ZHANG Qing,LU Zesheng. Design of nanopositioner stage based on finite element analysis[J]. Aviation Procision Manufacturing Technology, 2005,41(1)：6-10.