冷金属过渡条件下铜合金在钛和钢表面上的润湿行为与界面特征

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.06.110

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 110-117.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.06.110

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冷金属过渡条件下铜合金在钛和钢表面上的润湿行为与界面特征

常敬欢^1,2, 曹睿^1,2, 林巧力^1,2

1. 兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室兰州 730050;
2. 兰州理工大学材料科学与工程学院兰州 730050

收稿日期:2019-09-05 修回日期:2020-01-06 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2020-05-12
作者简介:常敬欢,女,1992年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为异种金属的焊接性。E-mail:1716295050@qq.com;
曹睿(通信作者),女,1977年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为异种金属的焊接性。E-mail:caorui@lut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51761027）。

Wetting and Interface Microstructures of Copper Alloy on Titanium and Steel Surfaces under Cold Metal Transfer Condition

CHANG Jinghuan^1,2, CAO Rui^1,2, LIN Qiaoli^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050

Received:2019-09-05 Revised:2020-01-06 Online:2020-03-20 Published:2020-05-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究冷金属过渡条件下ERCuNiAl铜合金分别在裸钢板、热镀锌钢板和纯钛板表面的润湿行为和界面特征。结果表明，铜合金在裸钢、热镀锌钢和纯钛表面的润湿性均随着送丝速度的增大而变好，在同等送丝速度下铜合金在裸钢表面的润湿性要好于镀锌钢表面。此体系属于典型的温度依赖润湿体系。铜合金在镀锌钢表面润湿时，由于镀锌层中锌的挥发带走热量使得界面反应温度降低，导致界面反应变弱，润湿性变差；在电弧的作用下，熔滴周围形成了富锌区，其中铝富集于此区域并形成了AlFeZn₈和Al₅Fe₂化合物。铜合金在裸钢表面润湿时，由于铝与铁具有较强的亲和力，在电弧的作用下，焊丝中的铝很容易在界面上发生反应，从而形成明显的Cu-Fe-Al界面反应层。铜合金在纯钛表面润湿时，由于Ti在Cu中的固溶度较低，在电弧的作用下，铜和钛互溶形成明显的界面反应层，主要由TiCu、Ti₂Cu和a-Ti组成。

关键词: 钛-钢异种金属, 冷金属过渡, 润湿行为, 界面特征

Abstract: The wetting behavior and interface characteristics of ERCuNiAl copper alloy on the surface of bare steel plate, galvanized steel plate and pure titanium plate are studied under cold metal transfer condition. The results show that the wettability of copper alloy on bare steel, galvanized steel and pure titanium surfaces increase with the increase of wire feeding speed, the wettability of copper alloy on the surface of bare steel is better than that of galvanized steel under the same wire feeding speed. This system is a typical temperature-dependent wetting system. When copper alloy is wetted on the surface of galvanized steel, the temperature of interfacial reaction decreases because the heat was taken away by the volatilization of zinc in the galvanized layer, resulting in weak interfacial reaction and poor wettability. Under the action of arc, zinc-rich zone is formed around the copper droplet, in which aluminum is enriched and AlFeZn₈ and Al₅Fe₂ compounds are formed. When copper alloy is wetted on the surface of bare steel, due to the strong affinity between aluminum and iron, aluminum in the welding wire can easily react on the interface under the action of arc, thus the obvious Cu-Fe-Al interface reaction layers were formed. When copper alloy is wetted on the surface of pure titanium, due to the low solid solubility of Ti in Cu, copper and titanium are mixed to form an obvious interface reaction layer under the action of arc, which is mainly composed of TiCu, Ti₂Cu and a-Ti.

Key words: titanium-steel dissimilar metal, cold metal transfer, wetting behavior, interface characteristics

中图分类号:

TG422

常敬欢, 曹睿, 林巧力. 冷金属过渡条件下铜合金在钛和钢表面上的润湿行为与界面特征[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(6): 110-117.

CHANG Jinghuan, CAO Rui, LIN Qiaoli. Wetting and Interface Microstructures of Copper Alloy on Titanium and Steel Surfaces under Cold Metal Transfer Condition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(6): 110-117.

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冷金属过渡条件下铜合金在钛和钢表面上的润湿行为与界面特征

Wetting and Interface Microstructures of Copper Alloy on Titanium and Steel Surfaces under Cold Metal Transfer Condition

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