高精度动态切削力自感知智能刀具的研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.21.178

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (21): 178-185.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.21.178

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高精度动态切削力自感知智能刀具的研究

赵友, 葛晓慧, 赵玉龙

西安交通大学机械工程学院西安 710049

收稿日期:2019-02-11 修回日期:2019-05-30 出版日期:2019-11-05 发布日期:2020-01-08
通讯作者: 赵友(通信作者),男,1990年出生,博士,助理研究员。主要研究方向为切削力传感器。E-mail:zhaoyou628@xjtu.edu.cn
作者简介:葛晓慧,女,1993年出生。主要研究方向为智能刀具。E-mail:18792968491@163.com;赵玉龙,男,1968年出生,长江学者特聘教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为MEMS技术、传感器技术及微纳制造等领域的基础理论和工程应用方面。E-mail:zhaoyulong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51705408）、中国博士后科学基金（2018M631148）、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（xjj2017017）、陕西省技术创新引导专项基金（2018XNCG-G-19）和国家自然科学基金（51421004）资助项目。

Research on High Precision Dynamic Cutting Force Self-perception Intelligent Tool

ZHAO You, GE Xiaohui, ZHAO Yulong

School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049

Received:2019-02-11 Revised:2019-05-30 Online:2019-11-05 Published:2020-01-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 切削状态监测是高档数控机床实现智能加工的必备功能，而切削力测量是进行切削状态监测最直接、有效的方法。目前商业化的切削力测力仪由于体积大、价格贵、兼容性差等原因，难以满足实际工业生产的应用要求。针对机械加工过程中动态切削力的准确测量这一研究目标，提出了一种具有切削力自感知功能的智能刀具，该智能刀具以刀杆作为弹性敏感元件、以半导体应变计作为信号转换元件；通过理论计算和有限元仿真，确定了封装半导体应变计的最佳应力区域以及传感器测量电路的设计方案。所研制的智能刀具结构紧凑、兼容性好、精度高、动态特性好，试验结果显示主切削力F_c方向的静态精度为1.799%、横向交叉干扰为2.610%，进给力F_f方向的静态精度为1.628%、横向交叉干扰为0.694%，智能刀具的固有频率为1 778.98 Hz，可以满足在机床主轴转速不超过26 685 r/min的高速切削过程中准确测量动态切削力的应用需求。

关键词: 切削状态监测, 切削力测量, 智能刀具, 高精度, 兼容性

Abstract: Cutting condition monitoring is an essential function for high-grade CNC machine tools in intelligent machining, meanwhile the cutting force is a direct and effective method for cutting condition monitoring. At present, commercial cutting force dynamometers doesn't meet the demands of industrial application effectively as a result of their large volume, high price as well as poor compatibility. In order to accurately measure dynamic cutting force in machining process, an intelligent tool with cutting force self-perception function is presented. The cutter bar is used as an elastic sensitive element and the semiconductor strain gauge is used as signal conversion element. On the basis of theoretical calculation and finite element simulation, the optimal stress area for packaging the semiconductor strain gauges is determined, and the sensor measurement circuit is designed. The newly developed intelligent tool is characterized with more compact structure, better compatibility, higher precision and even better dynamic performance. Experimental results show that the intelligent tool's static accuracy error in the F_c direction is 1.799%, the lateral cross-interference is 2.610%; and its static accuracy error in the F_f direction is 1.628%, the lateral cross-interference is 0.694%. With a natural frequency of 1 778.98 Hz, the tool can be used for dynamic cutting force measurement in the high-speed cutting process when spindle speed does not exceed 26 685 r/min.

Key words: cutting condition monitoring, cutting force measurement, intelligent tool, high precision, compatibility

中图分类号:

TG501

赵友, 葛晓慧, 赵玉龙. 高精度动态切削力自感知智能刀具的研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(21): 178-185.

ZHAO You, GE Xiaohui, ZHAO Yulong. Research on High Precision Dynamic Cutting Force Self-perception Intelligent Tool[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(21): 178-185.

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高精度动态切削力自感知智能刀具的研究

Research on High Precision Dynamic Cutting Force Self-perception Intelligent Tool

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