• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 72-82.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.12.072

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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合并焊道法对SUS304不锈钢平板对接接头焊接残余应力计算精度和效率的影响

胡兴, 戴培元, 张超华, 李索, 邓德安   

  1. 重庆大学材料科学与工程学院 重庆 400044
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-18 修回日期:2019-03-28 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 邓德安(通信作者),男,1968年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为焊接过程数值模拟。E-mail:deandeng@cqu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:胡兴,男,1995年出生。主要研究方向为焊接数值模拟。E-mail:hux_987@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51875063)和重庆市研究生科研创新(CYB18003)资助项目

Influence of Lumped-pass Method on Calculation Accuracy and Efficiency of Welding Residual Stress in SUS304 Stainless Steel Butt Joints

HU Xing, DAI Peiyuan, ZHANG Chaohua, LI Suo, DENG Dean   

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044
  • Received:2018-12-18 Revised:2019-03-28 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-06-20

摘要: 厚大不锈钢焊接接头广泛应用于核电、火电和化工等行业中,焊接残余应力一直是一个被关注的焦点问题。随着计算焊接力学理论的日臻成熟,采用有限元方法来模拟焊接残余应力已经成为了可能。但是由于计算机硬件条件的限制,目前的计算效率还难以满足实际工程的需求。基于ABAQUS有限元软件平台开发高效的瞬间热源模型来模拟板厚为25 mm的对接接头的热输入,并与移动热源模型的计算结果进行比较。为了进一步提高计算效率,基于奥氏体不锈钢母材和相应填充材料的性能特点,尝试采用不同的焊道合并方式来缩短焊接温度场和应力场的计算时间。同时,还采用应力释放法测量板厚25 mm、焊道数为17道的平板对接接头的残余应力分布,并将数值模拟结果与实验结果进行比较。结果表明,采用瞬间热源模型可较精确地模拟焊接残余应力的分布和大小,计算时间与移动热源模型相比可以大幅缩短。此外,采用数值模拟方法研究合并焊道法对板厚为75 mm的对接接头残余应力计算结果的影响。数值模拟结果表明,焊道合并方式对纵向残余应力的计算结果影响较小。对横向残余应力而言,焊道合并方式对计算精度有较显著的影响,表层焊道合并方式严重低估了表面横向残余应力,而内部焊道整体合并方式虽然略微低估了表面横向残余应力,但能较好地预测接头上、下表面的横向残余应力分布与大小。采用瞬间热源模型再结合焊道合并方式是一种解决厚大焊接接头残余应力计算的有效手段。

关键词: 焊接残余应力, 合并焊道, 计算精度, 计算时间, 瞬间热源

Abstract: Thick-plate stainless steel welded joints are widely used in nuclear power plants and chemical factories, and the welding residual stresses of these joints have always been a focus of attention. The finite element method has been recognized as an effective way to calculate welding residual stress. Because the welding process is a highly nonlinear problem, the computational efficiency cannot meet the requirements under the existing computing hardware conditions. Based on the ABAQUS commercial software, an efficient instantaneous heat source model is developed to simulate welding residual stress of a multi-pass butt-welded joint with 25 mm thickness. Meanwhile, the simulated results of welding residual stress distribution is compared with that obtained by the traditional moving heat source model. In order to further improve the calculation efficiency, different lumped-pass patterns are designed to shorten the computing time. Experiments are also carried out to measure the residual stress distribution of the butt-welded joint. The comparison between the numerical results and the measured data shows that both the moving heat source model and the instantaneous heat source model can accurately predict welding residual stress, and the computing time of the latter is much shorter than that of the former. In addition, the influence of lumped-pass method on the residual stress of a multi-pass butt-welded joints with 75 mm thickness is investigated numerically. The numerical simulation results show that different lumped-pass patterns have a little effect on the longitudinal residual stress, but have a significant influence on the transverse residual stress. The calculation efficiency can be greatly improved by adopting instantaneous heat source and lumped-pass method, and this combined method will be an effective approach to solve the problem of residual stress calculation for thick-plate welded joints.

Key words: calculation accuracy, calculation time, instantaneous heat source, lumped-pass, residual stress

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