N2O4环境下液体火箭发动机涡轮泵机械密封浸渍石墨的磨损机理研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.07.119

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 119-127.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.07.119

N₂O₄环境下液体火箭发动机涡轮泵机械密封浸渍石墨的磨损机理研究

王建磊¹, 张琛¹, 王晓虎¹, 王栋平¹, 李建克², 贾谦³, 陈润霖¹, 崔亚辉¹

1. 西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院西安 710048;
2. 中国航天科技集团公司西安航天动力研究所西安 710100;
3. 西安交通大学现代设计及转子轴承系统教育部重点实验室西安 710049

收稿日期:2018-04-11 修回日期:2018-10-26 出版日期:2019-04-05 发布日期:2019-04-05
通讯作者: 王建磊(通信作者),男,1978年生,博士,讲师。主要研究方向为密封-转子系统动力学、现代机械设计、摩擦学。E-mail:jlwang@xaut.edu.cn
基金资助:
西安理工大学科技创新计划资助项目（2014CX006）。

Wear Mechanism of Liquid Rocket Engine Turbopump Mechanical Seal Graphite Surface in the N₂O₄ Environment

WANG Jianlei¹, ZHANG Chen¹, WANG Xiaohu¹, WANG Dongping¹, LI Jianke², JIA Qian³, CHEN Runlin¹, CUI Yahui¹

1. School of Machinery and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048;
2. Aerospace Propulsion Institute, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Xi'an 710100;
3. Key Laboratory of Modern Design and Rotor Bearing System, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049

Received:2018-04-11 Revised:2018-10-26 Online:2019-04-05 Published:2019-04-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对液体火箭发动机涡轮泵机械密封浸渍石墨在N₂O₄环境下磨损量较大的现象，以宏观试验与微观检测相结合的方法探索其产生的机理。对机械密封石墨的磨损表面进行了电镜观测，根据磨损形貌对正常磨损区与异常磨损区进行了区分，并对异常磨损的诱因进行了假设。提出了石墨表面的树脂腐蚀模型与孔隙气蚀模型，设置了包含静态腐蚀及动态磨损的试验流程以验证树脂腐蚀和孔隙气蚀的作用结果，分别在水及N₂O₄环境下进行试验，并通过扫描电镜及红外光谱分析等手段观测了试验前后石墨表面的微观组织变化，介质试验后气孔平均直径为33 μm，为试验前的2倍。研究结果表明： N₂O₄环境并不会造成石墨浸渍物酚醛树脂的腐蚀，造成石墨磨损量较大的诱因是气相N₂O₄在石墨表面孔隙内部破裂导致的气蚀，气蚀后石墨的磨损可达数十微米量级。针对减少浸渍石墨的气蚀，给出了3项制备工艺的改进措施。本文的研究成果也可为其他高速旋转机械的机械密封石墨磨损研究及选材提供参考。

关键词: 火箭发动机, 机械密封, 磨损, 气蚀, 涡轮泵

Abstract: In view of the phenomenon that the mechanical seal impregnated graphite has a large amount of wear in N₂O₄ environment, the mechanism by combining the macroscopic test and microscopic examination is explored. The wear surface of graphite in mechanical seal is observed by electron microscope. The normal wear zone and abnormal wear zone are distinguished according to wear morphology, and the cause of abnormal wear is assumed. The resin corrosion model and pore cavitation model of graphite surface are proposed. The test process of static corrosion and dynamic wear is set up to verify the effect of resin corrosion and pore cavitation. The experiments are carried out in water and N₂O₄ environment, and the microstructure changes of graphite surface are observed by scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrum analysis. The average pore diameter after the medium test is 33 μm, which is twice that before the test. The results show that the N₂O₄ environment does not cause the corrosion of graphite impregnated phenolic resin, and the cause of larger wear of graphite is cavitation caused by gas phase N₂O₄ rupture inside the graphite surface pores. The wear of graphite after cavitation can reach the order of tens of microns. In order to reduce cavitation erosion of impregnated graphite, the improvement measures of three preparation processes are given. The research results can also provide reference for graphite wear research and material selection of mechanical seals of other high-speed rotating machinery.

Key words: cavitation, mechanical seal, rocket engine, turbopump, wear

中图分类号:

TH117

王建磊, 张琛, 王晓虎, 王栋平, 李建克, 贾谦, 陈润霖, 崔亚辉. N₂O₄环境下液体火箭发动机涡轮泵机械密封浸渍石墨的磨损机理研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(7): 119-127.

WANG Jianlei, ZHANG Chen, WANG Xiaohu, WANG Dongping, LI Jianke, JIA Qian, CHEN Runlin, CUI Yahui. Wear Mechanism of Liquid Rocket Engine Turbopump Mechanical Seal Graphite Surface in the N₂O₄ Environment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(7): 119-127.

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N₂O₄环境下液体火箭发动机涡轮泵机械密封浸渍石墨的磨损机理研究

Wear Mechanism of Liquid Rocket Engine Turbopump Mechanical Seal Graphite Surface in the N₂O₄ Environment

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