• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (9): 343-351.doi: 10.3901/JME.260426

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇    

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基于热惯性匹配原则的机床结构拓扑优化设计方法

冯培轩1, 丁晓红1, 熊敏1, 林志俭2, 李简3, 罗超2   

  1. 1. 上海理工大学机械工程学院 上海 200093;
    2. 阿帕斯数控机床制造(上海)有限公司 上海 201306;
    3. 杭州汽轮动力集团股份有限公司 杭州 310022
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-22 修回日期:2025-11-12 发布日期:2026-07-08
  • 作者简介:冯培轩,男,2000年出生。主要研究方向为结构优化设计。E-mail:fengpeixuan2000@163.com;丁晓红(通信作者),女,1965年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为机械系统CAE和结构优化设计。E-mail:dingxh@usst.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975380)。

Topology Optimization Design Method of Machine Tool Structures Based on Thermal Inertia Matching Principle

FENG Peixuan1, DING Xiaohong1, XIONG Min1, LIN Zhijian2, LI Jian3, LUO Chao2   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093;
    2. Aplos Machines Manufacturing (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201306;
    3. Hangzhou Steam turbine Co., LTD, Hangzhou 310022
  • Received:2025-05-22 Revised:2025-11-12 Published:2026-07-08

摘要: 机床在加工时的热误差是导致制造误差的重要原因。针对机床结构热设计问题,考虑复杂结构系统中相邻构件热变形协调原则,在现有材料热惯性概念的基础上,提出结构热惯性概念,建立结构热惯性的表达式,阐明其物理意义,并探讨了结构热惯性匹配的技术途径。以某型五轴直驱立式加工中心为研究对象,建立整机热力耦合模型;基于结构热惯性匹配原则和变密度法,建立了以提高结构刚度和减小温度标准差为目标的拓扑优化设计数学模型,对机床横梁结构进行拓扑优化设计。结果表明,与原横梁结构相比,优化后的横梁结构质量降低16.7%,在热力耦合状态下刀尖点的位移降低了14.8%,一阶频率上升8.3%。提出的设计方法为各种温度敏感的复杂结构系统设计提供了新的设计思路。

关键词: 结构热惯性, 拓扑优化, 热力耦合, 机床结构, 热态性能

Abstract: The thermal error of machine tool during processing is an important factor of manufacturing error. Based on the existing concept of material thermal inertia, the concept of structural thermal inertia is proposed, its expression is established, its physical significance is clarified, and the technical approach of structural thermal inertia matching is discussed. Taking a five-axis direct drive vertical machining center as the research object, the thermodynamic coupling model of the whole machine is established. Based on the principle of structural thermal inertia matching and variable density method, a mathematical model of topological optimization design is established to improve the structural stiffness and reduce the temperature standard deviation. The results show that compared with the original beam structure, the mass of the optimized beam structure is reduced by 16.7%, the displacement of the tool tip is reduced by 14.8%, and the first-order frequency is increased by 8.3%. The proposed design method provides a new design idea for the design of various temperature-sensitive complex structural systems.

Key words: structural thermal inertia, topology optimization, thermo-mechanical coupling, machine tool structure, thermal performance

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