• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 25-36.doi: 10.3901/JME.260103

• 仪器科学与技术 • 上一篇    

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圆光栅任意角位置测角误差分离与自校准方法

金雨生1, 丁建军1, 李常胜1, 刘阳鹏2, 刘昕东3   

  1. 1. 西安交通大学机械工程学院 西安 710049;
    2. 陕西阿拉丁精仪科技有限公司 西安 710119;
    3. 北京合康新能变频技术有限公司苏州分公司 苏州 215000
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-09 修回日期:2025-07-02 发布日期:2026-04-02
  • 作者简介:金雨生,男,1991年出生,博士,助理教授。主要研究方向为精密测试技术与仪器、机器视觉和光学三维测量。E-mail:yushengj@xjtu.edu.cn
    丁建军(通信作者),男,1977年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为精密检测技术与仪器、精密超精密加工、工业大数据与智能制造。E-mail:dingjianjun@xjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基金(2024JC-YBQN-0417)、东莞市重大科技(20231200300212)和陕西省重点研发计划(2022QCY-LL-09)资助项目。

Angle-error Separation and Self-calibration at Arbitrary Angular Positions for Circular Grating Encoders

JIN Yusheng1, DING Jianjun1, LI Changsheng1, LIU Yangpeng2, LIU Xindong3   

  1. 1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049;
    2. Shaanxi Aladdin Precision Instrument Technology Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710119;
    3. Beijing HeKang New Energy Variable Frequency Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou Branch, Suzhou 215000
  • Received:2025-02-09 Revised:2025-07-02 Published:2026-04-02

摘要: 圆光栅角编码器的综合精度直接关系到高端装备与精密检测性能。针对基于自准直仪和多面棱体的离散标定测点稀疏、难以表征全圆误差分布的问题,提出一套无需外部基准的自校准体系:构建基于傅里叶时移特征的测角误差检测模型,推导多传感器测角数据和误差谱的解析传递关系,并设计最小方差、平均和传递函数模值三类权重的数据融合策略,实现全圆连续误差提取与补偿。围绕传感器布局、融合权重、传感器一致性与采样密度开展仿真(含安装相位与噪声的蒙特卡洛)与试验验证。基于雷尼绍REXM20USA255码盘及配套的T2001-30A读数头和Ti2000A12E细分盒搭建角度计量平台,并与光电自准直仪与多面棱体检测结果进行比对,试验结果表明:在最小方差权重下检测效果最佳,单传感器经自校准后的全圆绝对误差约±0.8″;提升采样密度可显著降低谐波误差残余(PV值由0.29″降至0.10″);综合可观测性与抗噪声能力,推荐三读数头布局。该方法验证了自校准理论的有效性,为无法配置外部高精度仪器的场景提供可部署方案。

关键词: 测角误差, 误差自校准, 傅里叶时移, 数据融合, 读数头布局, 圆光栅编码器

Abstract: The overall accuracy of circular-grating angle encoders is known to determine the performance of high-end equipment and precision metrology. To address the sparse sampling and incomplete full-circle characterization inherent to discrete calibration with an autocollimator and polygon prism, a self-calibration framework without external references is proposed. An angle-error detection model based on Fourier time-shift characteristics is formulated; an analytical transfer relation between multi-sensor angle measurements and the error spectrum is derived; and three data-fusion weighting strategies—minimum-variance, arithmetic-mean, and magnitude-based—are designed so that continuous full-circle error extraction and compensation can be achieved. Simulations (including Monte Carlo analyses of installation phase and noise) and experiments are performed with respect to sensor layout, fusion weights, sensor consistency, and sampling density. An angular-metrology platform is constructed using a Renishaw REXM20USA255 disk with T2001-30A reading heads and a Ti2000A12E interpolator, and independent comparisons are conducted with a photoelectric autocollimator and polygon prism. It is demonstrated that minimum-variance weighting yields the best detection performance; after self-calibration, an absolute full-circle error of ±0.8″ is achieved with a single sensor. By increasing sampling density, residual harmonic errors are markedly reduced (PV decreases from 0.29″ to 0.10″). Considering observability and noise robustness, a three-reading heads layout is recommended. The effectiveness of the self-calibration approach is thereby validated, and a deployable solution is provided for scenarios in which external high-precision instruments cannot be used.

Key words: angle measurement error, error self-calibration, Fourier time shift, data fusion, reading head layout, circular grating encoder

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