车体用Q350EWR1耐候钢塞焊焊接头剪切拉伸力学性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260114

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 157-167.doi: 10.3901/JME.260114

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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车体用Q350EWR1耐候钢塞焊焊接头剪切拉伸力学性能研究

安晓, 王远志, 肖守讷, 杨冰, 杨龙, 阳光武, 朱涛

西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室成都 610031

收稿日期:2025-02-14 修回日期:2025-09-16 发布日期:2026-04-02
作者简介:安晓,女,2000年出生。主要研究方向为车辆结构强度。E-mail:ax1013@my.swjtu.edu.cn
杨冰(通信作者),男,1979年出生,博士,研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为材料疲劳与断裂。E-mail:yb@swjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52375159，52175123)、四川省科技计划(2024NSFTD0011)和轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室自主课题(2025RVL-T14)资助项目。

Study on the Shear and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Q350EWR1 Weathering Steel Plug Welding Joints for Carbody

AN Xiao, WANG Yuanzhi, XIAO Shoune, YANG Bing, YANG Long, YANG Guangwu, ZHU Tao

State Key Laboratory of Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031

Received:2025-02-14 Revised:2025-09-16 Published:2026-04-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对轨道车辆车体用耐蚀型耐候钢Q350EWR1塞焊焊接接头性能问题，设计6种塞焊焊接接头试样，开展金相、硬度和单调拉伸剪切等试验，根据试验结果分析了板厚、焊孔直径、焊点排布方式及焊点数量对接头剪切拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：单点焊接试样的拉伸破坏形式主要为典型的界面断裂、拔出断裂和混合断裂，而多点焊接试样则随着焊点数量的增多和焊点排布方式的变化而变化，主要为母材沿45°角的韧性断裂和焊点拔出；试样抗拉载荷随塞焊孔径的增大而增大，其破坏形式相较小孔径塞焊试样未发生明显变化，以拔出断裂为主；随着焊点数量的增多破坏形式由焊点破坏变为母材破坏，试样抗拉载荷也随之增大；板厚则对塞焊接头的剪切拉伸性能影响不大；就多焊点排布方式而言，焊点垂直于受力方向排布的破坏形式与单点焊接较为接近，但抗拉载荷约为单点焊接的2倍，试样在焊点处断裂，而焊点平行于受力方向排布的试样刚度明显更高，试样在母材处断裂。研究结果对轨道车辆Q350EWR1塞焊结构设计和焊接工艺实施具有参考价值。

关键词: Q350EWR1, 塞焊, 拉伸剪切性能, F-δ曲线, 拉剪破坏

Abstract: In order to investigate the performance problem of the plug-welded joints of the new generation of high-corrosion resistant weathering steel Q350EWR1 for the carbody of rail vehicles, six kinds of plug-welded joint specimens were designed, and the metallographic, hardness and monotonic tensile shear tests were carried out, and the effects of plate thickness, weld hole diameter, solder joint arrangement and the number of solder joints on the shear tensile properties of the joints were analyzed according to the test results. The results show that the tensile failure forms of single-point welding specimens are mainly typical interface fracture, pull-out fracture and mixed fracture, while the multi-point welding specimens change with the increase of the number of solder joints and the change of solder joint arrangement, mainly including the ductile fracture of the base metal along the 45° angle and the pull-out of the solder joint. The tensile load of the specimen increases with the increase of the hole diameter of the plug weld, and the failure modes of the specimens do not show obvious changes compared with those of the small plug weld specimens, with pull-out fracture being the main failure mode. With the increase of the number of solder joints, the failure mode changes from solder joint failure to base metal failure, and the tensile load of the sample also increases. The plate thickness has little effect on the shear tensile properties of the plug welded joint. As for the multi-joint arrangement, the failure mode of the solder joint arranged perpendicular to the force direction is close to that of single-point welding, but the tensile load is about 2 times that of single-point welding, and the specimen breaks at the solder joint, while the specimen with the solder joint arranged parallel to the stress direction has a significantly higher stiffness, and the specimen breaks at the base metal. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the design and implementation of Q350EWR1 plug welding structure and welding process of rail vehicles.

Key words: Q350EWR1, plug welding, tensile shear performance, F-δ curve, pulling and cutting damage

中图分类号:

U260
TG115

安晓, 王远志, 肖守讷, 杨冰, 杨龙, 阳光武, 朱涛. 车体用Q350EWR1耐候钢塞焊焊接头剪切拉伸力学性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(4): 157-167.

AN Xiao, WANG Yuanzhi, XIAO Shoune, YANG Bing, YANG Long, YANG Guangwu, ZHU Tao. Study on the Shear and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Q350EWR1 Weathering Steel Plug Welding Joints for Carbody[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(4): 157-167.

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车体用Q350EWR1耐候钢塞焊焊接头剪切拉伸力学性能研究

Study on the Shear and Tensile Mechanical Properties of Q350EWR1 Weathering Steel Plug Welding Joints for Carbody

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