考虑机电耦合作用的高速列车轮轨黏着特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260554

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着高速列车运行速度不断提升，机电耦合作用下轮轨黏着特性亟待深入研究。依据车辆动力学理论，综合考虑牵引电机控制、机电耦合作用、轮轨黏着等因素建立高速车辆系统动力学模型，研究电机谐波转矩激励下高速列车系统振动特性和轮轨接触特性，分析车辆运行速度、轮轨接触条件及牵引载荷对轮轨黏着特性的影响。研究结果表明：电机谐波转矩在一定程度上加剧了构架和轮对振动，增大了轴重转移现象，改变了轮轨接触特性，导致轮轨蠕滑率增大，并促使轮对更易失去轮轨黏着。机电耦合作用下，列车运行速度增大将进一步劣化轮轨黏着性能。列车牵引运行时，干态、湿态工况均满足蠕滑率安全阈值，油态工况可造成轮对打滑。当轨面处于油态时，受电机谐波转矩激励影响，牵引载荷降低至80%时仍将发生轮对打滑现象，当牵引载荷降低至70%及以下时，轮轨黏着性能可满足高速列车安全运行轮轨蠕滑率阈值要求。研究成果可为高速列车牵引优化与黏着控制策略设计提供理论支撑。

关键词: 机电耦合, 谐波转矩, 轮轨黏着, 蠕滑

Abstract: With the increasing speed of high-speed trains, the wheel rail adhesion characteristics under Electromechanical Coupling need to be further studied. Based on the vehicle dynamics theory, a high-speed vehicle system dynamics model is established by comprehensively considering the traction motor control, electromechanical coupling and wheel rail adhesion. The vibration characteristics and wheel rail contact characteristics of high-speed train system excited by motor harmonic torque are studied, and the effects of vehicle speed, wheel rail contact conditions and traction load on wheel rail adhesion characteristics are analyzed. The research results show that the harmonic torque of the motor aggravates the vibration of the frame and wheel set to a certain extent, increases the axle load transfer phenomenon, changes the wheel rail contact characteristics, increases the wheel rail creep rate, and makes the wheel set easier to lose the wheel rail adhesion. Under the electromechanical coupling effect, the increase of train speed will further degrade the wheel rail adhesion performance. When the train is running under traction, both dry and wet conditions meet the creep rate safety threshold, and oil condition can cause wheelset slip. When the rail surface is in the oil state, under the influence of harmonic torque excitation of the motor, wheelset slip will still occur when the traction load is reduced to 80%. When the traction load is reduced to 70% or less, the wheel rail adhesion performance can meet the threshold requirements of wheel rail creep rate for safe operation of high-speed trains. The research results can provide theoretical support for traction optimization and adhesion control strategy design of high-speed train.

Key words: electromechanical coupling, harmonic torque, wheel rail adhesion, creepage

中图分类号:

TG156

郭勇, 任尊松, 王文铨, 马觉凡. 考虑机电耦合作用的高速列车轮轨黏着特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 52-61.

GUO Yong, REN Zunsong, WANG Wenquan, MA Juefan. Research on Wheel-rail Adhesion Characteristics of High-speed Trains Considering Electromechanical Coupling Effects[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 52-61.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/52

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