旋转座椅与腰带安全气囊在自动驾驶汽车乘员保护中的应用研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260349

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自动驾驶汽车中，乘员无须操纵车辆，座椅可旋转至不同朝向，但传统约束系统无法为不同朝向乘员提供有效保护。提出一种旋转座椅协同腰带气囊保护策略：在预碰撞阶段，座椅主动旋转至汽车行驶方向(0°方向)，同时腰带气囊展开；在碰撞发生阶段，腰带安全气囊缓冲吸能，减少乘员损伤。安全气囊可借助自动驾驶汽车提前感知碰撞的时间优势，延长充气展开过程，从而降低其起爆时对乘员的冲击载荷。由于仪表台安全气囊位置固定，无法伴随座椅移动的不足，设计一种新型腰带安全气囊，通过深入分析腰带气囊的充气时长和充气质量对乘员碰撞保护的影响，获得了腰带安全气囊的最优质量流曲线；然后，建立±45°和±90°座椅朝向仿真平台，研究不同座椅朝向乘员在正面碰撞中的损伤机理和运动学响应；最后，建立主动旋转座椅搭配腰带气囊的仿真平台，研究主动旋转座椅协同腰带气囊保护策略下的乘员运动学响应和损伤风险。经研究发现，开发的65 L腰带安全气囊在200 ms的充气时长和31.4 g的充气质量下可在正面碰撞中有效保护乘员；旋转座椅协同腰带气囊的保护策略可有效降低自动驾驶汽车中不同座椅朝向乘员的损伤风险。

关键词: 乘员保护策略, 座椅朝向, 腰带安全气囊, 损伤风险, 自动驾驶汽车

Abstract: In autonomous vehicles, occupants do not need to operate the vehicle, and seats can rotate to various orientations. However, conventional restraint systems fail to provide effective protection for occupants in different seating orientations. This study proposes a protection strategy that integrates rotating seats with a belt airbag: during the pre-crash phase, the seat actively rotates to the vehicle’s driving direction (0°orientation), while the belt airbag deploys; during the crash phase, the belt airbag absorbs energy through buffering to reduce occupant injuries. The airbag can take advantage of the advanced collision detection time provided by autonomous vehicles to extend its inflation and deployment process, thereby reducing the impact load during its activation. Due to the limitation that the instrument panel airbag is fixed in position and cannot move with the rotating seat, a novel belt-integrated airbag is designed. By thoroughly analyzing the effects of the inflation duration and inflation mass of the belt airbag on occupant crash protection, the optimal mass flow curve of the belt airbag is obtained. Then, simulation platforms with seat orientations of ±45ånd ±90åre established to investigate the injury mechanisms and kinematic responses of occupants in different seating orientations during frontal crashes. Finally, a simulation platform with an actively rotating seat equipped with a belt airbag is developed to study the occupant kinematic responses and injury risks under the protection strategy of the actively rotating seat coordinated with the belt airbag. The results show that the 65 L belt airbag developed in this study can effectively protect occupants in frontal crashes with an inflation duration of 200 ms and an inflation mass of 31.4 g. The protection strategy combining the rotating seat and the belt airbag can effectively reduce the injury risks of occupants in different seating orientations in autonomous vehicles.

Key words: occupant protection strategy, seat orientation, belt airbag, risk of injury, autonomous vehicle

中图分类号:

U467

武和全, 张凯, 胡林, 张申奥, 李奇奇. 旋转座椅与腰带安全气囊在自动驾驶汽车乘员保护中的应用研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(10): 308-324.

WU Hequan, ZHANG Kai, HU Lin, ZHANG Shenao, LI Qiqi. Research on the Application of Rotating Seat and Belt Airbag in Occupant Protection of Autonomous Vehicle[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(10): 308-324.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260349

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I10/308

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