• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (12): 144-154.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.12.144

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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老年乘员在自动驾驶车辆中的碰撞响应研究

武和全1,2, 旷世杰1, 胡林1   

  1. 1. 长沙理工大学工程车辆轻量化与可靠性技术湖南省高校重点实验室 长沙 410004;
    2. 韦恩州立大学生物工程中心 底特律 48201 美国
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-08 修回日期:2020-04-16 出版日期:2020-06-20 发布日期:2020-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 胡林(通信作者),男,1978年出生,博士,教授。主要研究方向为车辆动力学控制与智能化、交通事故深入调查及预防。E-mail:hulin888@sohu.com
  • 作者简介:武和全,男,1982年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为汽车碰撞安全、损伤生物力学。E-mail:csust_vehicle@hotmail.com;旷世杰,男,1994年出生。主要研究方向为汽车碰撞安全、损伤生物力学。E-mail:kuangshijie_csust@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51875049)、湖南省自然科学杰出青年基金(2019JJ20017)、湖南省教育厅科学研究(19A008)和湖南省学位与研究生教育改革研究(JG2018A024)资助项目。

Research on Collision Response of Elderly Occupant in Autonomous Vehicles

WU Hequan1,2, KUANG Shijie1, HU Lin1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Lightweight and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle, Education Department of Hunan Province, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410004;
    2. Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit 48201, USA
  • Received:2019-11-08 Revised:2020-04-16 Online:2020-06-20 Published:2020-07-14

摘要: 全球老龄化的时代正在来临。自动驾驶车辆的出现,对于老年人来说,将会是最便利的交通出行工具,可以减少因操作失误而引起的汽车碰撞事故。自动驾驶车辆依靠雷达等传感器能够在汽车发生碰撞前约350 ms内识别不可避免的碰撞,这段时间对于乘员的主动安全防护至关重要。研究提出一种通过旋转座椅来改变人体朝向与碰撞方向相对位置,从而提高老年乘员在自动驾驶车辆中碰撞安全性。通过尸体试验数据对老年人体乘员有限元模型进行验证;将已验证过的模型应用于自动驾驶车辆的正面碰撞试验中,分析不同座椅朝向(0°、45°、90°、135°、180°)下的老年人体碰撞响应;研究老年人体乘员在座椅旋转过程中的运动响应;预测老年人体乘员在先自主旋转后发生碰撞的损伤风险。试验结果表明,在不同朝向正面碰撞模拟试验中乘员损伤对比,得出座椅朝向与碰撞方向呈180°时人体损伤风险最低。在200 ms内将座椅旋转至与碰撞方向呈180°的位置,老年乘员的损伤风险低于阈值。研究表明自动驾驶车辆当感应到不可避免的碰撞时,及早地对座椅朝向进行调整,如果能够在碰撞发生前的350 ms内将座椅朝向调整到180°的"朝后"位置,将有利于降低老年乘员的损伤。

关键词: 机械结构工程, 自动驾驶车辆, 碰撞安全性, 座椅朝向, 主动安全策略, 生物力学响应

Abstract: The age of global aging is coming. Autonomous vehicles will be the most convenient means of transportation for the elderly, which can reduce traffic accidents caused by operational errors. Autonomous cars rely on sensors such as radar to identify the unavoidable collisions about 350 ms before the collision of the car. This period of time is essential for the active safety protection of occupants. A method of changing the relative position of the seat orientation and the collision direction by rotating the seat is proposed, thereby improving the collision safety of elderly occupants in autonomous vehicles. Firstly, the finite element model of the elderly occupants is verified by the corpse experimental data. Secondly, the validated model is then applied to the frontal collision test of autonomous vehicles to analyze the collision response of the elderly in different seat orientations (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°). The motion response of elderly occupants during seat rotation is studied. Finally, the risk of injury when the elderly occupant rotates in the autonomous rotating seat is analyzed. The results show that the risk of injury is lowest when the seat orientation is 180° from the collision direction. By rotating the seat to a position 180° from the collision direction within 200 ms, the risk of injury to elderly occupants is below the threshold. The research shows that an autonomous vehicle should adjust the seat orientation as early as possible when it detects an unavoidable collision. If the seat orientation can be adjusted to a "backward" position of 180° within 350 ms before the collision, it will be beneficial to reduce the injury of elderly occupants.

Key words: mechanical structural engineering, self-driving vehicle, collision safety, seat orientation, active safety strategy, biomechanical response

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