多孔质可倾瓦动静压气体推力轴承静态特性理论与试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.05.097

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对多孔质气体推力轴承结构相对单一，且动静压耦合特性研究较少的问题，提出了一种新型柔性铰链多孔质可倾瓦动静压气体推力轴承。在稳态条件下，基于达西定律、N-S方程、质量守恒方程及瓦块倾斜方程建立了新型轴承静态特性分析模型，并搭建了多孔质动静压气体推力轴承悬浮承载特性测试实验台。研究了供气压力、多孔质材料渗透率、转速等因素对轴承静态特性的影响。结果表明，轴承的承载力与供气压力正相关，与名义间隙负相关，并且随着转速的增加出现先增加后减小的趋势；而通过多孔质材料的气体流量与供气压力、名义间隙正相关，随着转速的增加出现先减小然后增大的趋势；转速对静压效应具有一定的削弱作用，并且随着转速增加，削弱作用不断增强；名义间隙越小时，轴承的静特性参数受转速影响也就越明显。实验曲线与理论曲线的变化趋势具有较好的一致性，在一定程度上验证了理论模型的合理性。本文研究对于多孔质动静压气体推力轴承的理论研究及工程应用有一定的指导意义。

关键词: 多孔质轴承, 可倾瓦轴承, 动静压气体推力轴承, 静态特性

Abstract: Aiming at the problem that porous gas thrust bearings have a relatively single structure and few studies on their dynamic and static coupling characteristics, a new type of flexible hinged porous tilting pad dynamic static gas thrust bearing is proposed. Under steady-state conditions, a new bearing static characteristic analysis model is established based on Darcy's law, N-S equation, mass conservation equation and tile tilt equation, and a test bench for the suspension bearing characteristics of porous dynamic and static pressure gas thrust bearings is constructed. The influence of air supply pressure, porous material permeability, speed and other factors on the static characteristics of bearings is studied. The results show that the bearing capacity is positively correlated with the air supply pressure and negatively correlated with the nominal clearance, and there is a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of speed. The gas flow through the porous material is positively correlated with the gas supply pressure and nominal gap, and the trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of speed. The speed has a certain weakening effect on the static pressure effect, and with the increase of the speed, the weakening effect is continuously enhanced. The smaller the nominal clearance, the more obviously the static parameters of the bearing are affected by the rotational speed. The change trends of the experimental curves and the theoretical curves are in good agreement, which verifies the reasonability of the theoretical model to a certain extent. This study has certain guiding significance for the theoretical research and engineering application of porous dynamic and static pressure gas thrust bearings.

Key words: porous bearings, tilting pad bearings, dynamic and static pressure gas thrust bearings, static properties

中图分类号:

TH133

石明辉, 夏勇杰, 张绍林, 郭红, 吴培飙. 多孔质可倾瓦动静压气体推力轴承静态特性理论与试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 97-107.

SHI Minghui, XIA Yongjie, ZHANG Shaolin, GUO Hong, WU Peibiao. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Static Characteristics of Porous Tilting Pad Dynamic and Static Pressure Gas Thrust Bearings[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(5): 97-107.

参考文献

[1] 王云飞. 气体润滑理论与气体轴承设计[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，1999． WANG Yunfei. Gas lubrication theory and gas bearing design[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，1999.
[2] 丁水汀，张向波，杜发荣，等.石墨多孔介质气体轴承研究综述[J]. 航空学报，2022，43(10)：508-525. DING Shuiting，ZHANG Xiangbo，DU Farong，et al. Review of graphite porous dielectric gas bearings[J]. Journal of Aeronautics，2022，43(10)：508-525.
[3] LI Wenjun，WANG Sijing，ZHAO Zilong，et al. Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of hybrid porous gas journal bearings[J]. Lubrication Science，2020，33(2)：60-78.
[4] 崔海龙. 多孔质气体静压轴承动态特性影响机理研究[D]. 绵阳：中国工程物理研究院，2018. CUI Hailong. Study on the influence mechanism of dynamic characteristics of porous gas-hydrostatic bearings[D]. Mianyang：Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics，2018.
[5] OTSU Y，MIYATAKE M，YOSHIMOTO S. Dynamic characteristics of aerostatic porous journal bearings with a surface-restricted layer[J]. Journal of Tribology，2011，133(1)：011701.
[6] 顾延东，BÖHLE M，SCHIMPF A，等. 多孔质气体静压轴承研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 排灌机械工程学报，2021，39(8)： 818-825. GU Yandong，BÖHLE M，SCHIMPF A，et al. Research status and development trend of porous gas-hydrostatic bearings[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering，2021，39(8)：818-825.
[7] 于雪梅，卢泽生，饶河清. 基于分形理论多孔质石墨渗透率的研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2006(S1)：74-77. YU Xuemei，LU Zesheng，RAO Heqing. Study on permeability of porous graphite based on fractal theory[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2006(S1)：74-77.
[8] 崔海龙，岳晓斌，张连新，等. 基于ANSYS的多孔质静压轴承径向特性数值模拟[J]. 组合机床与自动化加工技术，2014(11)：43-45. CUI Hailong，YUE Xiaobin，ZHANG Lianxin，et al. Numerical simulation of radial characteristics of porous hydrostatic bearings based on ANSYS[J]. Combined Machine Tool and Automatic Processing Technology，2014(11)：43-45.
[9] FOURKA M，BONIS M. Comparison between externally pressurized gas thrust bearings with different orifice and porous feeding systems[J]. Wear，1997，210(1)：311-317.
[10] LUONG T.S，POTZE W，POST J B，et al. Numerical and experimental analysis of aerostatic thrust bearings with porous restrictors[J]. Tribology International，2004，37(10)： 825-832.
[11] 吴定柱. 多孔质气体静压止推轴承关键技术研究[D]. 绵阳：中国工程物理研究院，2010. WU Dingzhu. Research on key technology of porous gas-hydrostatic thrust bearing[D]. Mianyang：Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics，2010.
[12] JIANG Shuyun，YANG Shifei，YIN Zhaoyu，et al. Static and dynamic characteristics of externally pressurized annular porous gas thrust bearings[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，Part J：Journal of Engineering Tribology，2016，230(10)：1221-1230.
[13] 冯凯，朱友权，李文俊，等. 多孔质石墨静压气体推力轴承静态特性[J]. 湖南大学学报，2017，44(10)：41-49. FENG Kai，ZHU Youquan，LI Wenjun，et al. Static characteristics of porous graphite hydrostatic gas thrust bearings[J]. Journal of Hunan University，2017，44(10)： 41-49.
[14] CUI Hailong，WANG Yang，WANG Baorui，et al. Numerical simulation and experimental verification of the stiffness and stability of thrust pad aerostatic bearings[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2018，31(1).
[15] KUMAR V，SHAH A V，NARWAT K，et al. Dynamic performance of an externally pressurized porous thrust bearing employing different pocket shape[J]. Tribology Online，2020，15(5)：380-387.
[16] DUAN Liuyang，XU Mingming. Study on static performance of gas-lubricated thrust bearing based on multi-microporous stainless steel plate[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering，2021，43(5).
[17] XIAO Xin，DU Jianzhou， ZHANG Yu，et al. Study on static characteristics of aerostatic bearing based on porous SiC ceramic membranes[J]. Membranes，2022，12(9)：898.
[18] FENG Kai，WU Yihua，LIU Wwanhui，et al. Theoretical investigation on porous tilting pad bearings considering tilting pad motion and porous material restriction[J]. Precision Engineering，2018，53：26-37.
[19] ANDRES L S，YANG J，RYAN M. Measurements of Static and load performance of a 102 MM carbon-graphite porous surface tilting-pad gas journal bearing[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power，2021，143：111017.
[20] 安林. 可倾瓦多孔质轴承转子系统动力学特性实验研究[D]. 长沙：湖南大学，2020. AN Lin. Experimental study on rotor system dynamics of tilt pad porous bearing[D]. Changsha：Hunan University，2020.
[21] RIMPEL A，KIM D. Rotordynamic performance of flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearings with vibration damper[J]. Journal of Tribology，2009，131(2)：021101.
[22] JIN Xiaofei，XIA Peng，LIU Zhangsheng，et al. Thermo-hybrid lubrication FSI-CFD model for the static characteristics of hybrid porous tilting pad bearings[J]. Tribology International，2022，167：107397.
[23] 冯凯，李文俊，霍彦伟，等. 带有限制层的多孔质静压气体轴承温度特性分析[J]. 机械工程学报，2018，54(12)：216-224. FENG Kai，LI Wenjun，HUO Yanwei，et al. Temperature characteristics analysis of porous hydrostatic gas bearing with restriction layer[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering， 2018，54(12)：216-224.
[24] 左行勇，刘晓明. 三种形状柔性铰链转动刚度的计算与分析[J]. 仪器仪表学报，2006(12)：1725-1728. ZUO Xingyong，LIU Xiaoming. Calculation and analysis of rotational stiffness of flexible hinge of three shapes[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument，2006(12)： 1725-1728.
[25] 王伟，张敏，占国清，等. 面向空气静压支承的多孔材料渗透特性研究[J]. 光学精密工程，2017，25(9)：2359-2366. WANG Wei, ZHANG Min, ZHAN Guoqing, et al. Study on permeability characteristics of porous materials oriented to aerostatic support[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering，2017，25(9)：2359-2366.
[26] 吴定柱，陶继忠. 一种多孔质石墨渗透系数测量方法的研究[J]. 机械强度，2011，33(1)：50-54. WU Dingzhu，TAO Jizhong. Study on a method for measuring permeability coefficient of porous graphite[J]. Mechanical Strength，2011，33(1)：50-54.