弹性节流器空气静压径向轴承的动态性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.05.074

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由于润滑介质是气体，空气静压轴承具有刚度低、稳定性差的缺点，因此将弹性节流器引入空气静压轴承来提高空气静压轴承动态特性和稳定性。首先采用双向流-固耦合的方法对该空气静压轴承耦合模型进行求解，在轴承静态平衡状态的基础上根据差分法得到了轴承的动态系数。然后结合气膜的非线性动态特性建立了轴承-转子动力学模型及方程，通过对主轴振动信号的求解及处理获得带有弹性节流器空气静压主轴的时域特性及频域特性，并与传统空气静压轴承进行对比。最后对固体弹性节流器在流-固耦合过程中的应力、应变及变形情况进行了稳定性分析。结果表明该轴承提高了气膜的动态系数，能够使主轴的振动位移减少12%以上，提高了主轴的共振频率，降低了谐振带宽，并且弹性节流器具有良好稳定性，所设计的弹性节流空气静压轴承有效地改善了主轴的动态性能。

关键词: 空气静压轴承, 弹性节流器, 动态特性, 回转稳定性

Abstract: As the lubrication medium is gas, the aerostatic bearing has the disadvantage of low stiffness and poor stability, the elastic throttle is introduced into the aerostatic bearing to improve the dynamic characteristics and stability of the aerostatic bearing. Firstly, a two-way fluid-solid coupling method is used to solve the aerostatic radial bearing coupling model, and the dynamic coefficients of the bearing are obtained based on the micro-disturbance theory in the static equilibrium state of the bearing. Then, the bearing-rotor dynamics model is developed by combining the non-linear dynamic characteristics of the air film. By solving and processing the spindle vibration signal, the time and frequency domain characteristics of the aerostatic spindle with elastic throttle are obtained and compared with those of the conventional aerostatic bearing. Finally, the stability analysis of the stress, strain and deformation of the elastic throttle during the flow-solid coupling process is carried out. The results show that the bearing improves the dynamic coefficient of the air film, reduces the vibration displacement of the spindle by more than 12%, increases the resonance frequency of the spindle and reduces the resonance bandwidth. The elastic throttle also has good stability. The designed elastic throttle aerostatic bearing effectively improves the dynamic performance of the spindle.

Key words: aerostatic bearing, elastic throttle, dynamic characteristics, rotational stability

中图分类号:

TH133

陈东菊, 张璇, 潘日, 孙锟, 范晋伟. 弹性节流器空气静压径向轴承的动态性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 74-86.

CHEN Dongju, ZHANG Xuan, PAN Ri, SUN Kun, FAN Jinwei. Research on the Dynamic Performance of Aerostatic Radial Bearings with Elastic Throttles[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(5): 74-86.

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