结构参数与成形角度对激光粉末床熔融内流道成形质量的影响机制

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.03.392

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光增材制造技术为航空航天领域高性能复杂内流道金属构件的设计与制造提供了新的技术途径。内流道构件因复杂多变的流道结构和成形约束，对激光增材制造一体化成形提出了挑战。以Hastelloy X(HX)镍基高温合金粉末为原材料，采用激光粉末床熔融技术(Laser powder bed fusion，LPBF)成形了圆形截面内流道构件，研究了流道直径与成形角度对内流道成形质量的影响规律，提出了LPBF成形镍基高温合内流道构件成形的优化方法。研究表明，当流道直径增大，成形角度趋于90°时，内流道轮廓尺寸偏差较小，仅为3.35%。当流道直径自0.5 mm升至2.0 mm，内流道X方向实际偏差值自22%降至6.25%；Y方向实际偏差值自16%降至4.75%；成形角度接近垂直平面时，提高了构件的成形致密度(98.8%)。当成形角度自0°增至90°，内流道致密度从96%增至98.8%，表面粗糙度Ra由73.46 μm降至16.11 μm。

关键词: 激光粉末床熔融, 内流道, Hastelloy X, 流道直径, 成形角度

Abstract: Laser additive manufacturing technology provides a new technological approach for the design and manufacturing of high-performance metal components in the internal flow channel of complex tail nozzles in the aerospace field. The complex and variable channel diameters and forming angles of internal channel components pose a serious challenge to the integrated forming of laser additive manufacturing. Using Hastelloy X (HX) powder as the raw material, a nickel based high-temperature alloy circular inner channel component is formed using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. The effects of channel diameter and forming angle on the forming quality of the inner channel are studied, and an optimized plan for LPBF forming of nickel based high-temperature composite inner channel components is provided. Research has shown that when the diameter of the flow channel increases and the forming angle approaches 90 °, the deviation in the contour size of the inner flow channel is relatively small, only 3.35%. When the diameter of the flow channel increases from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm, the actual deviation value in the X direction of the inner flow channel decreases from 22% to 6.25%; The actual deviation value in the Y direction has decreased from 16% to 4.75%; When the forming angle is close to the vertical plane, the forming density of the component is increased (98.8%). When the forming angle increases from 0 ° to 90 °, the density of the inner channel increases from 96% to 98.8%, and the surface roughness Ra decreases from 73.46 μm to 16.11 μm.

Key words: laser powder bed fusion, internal channel, Hastelloy X, channel diameter, forming angle

中图分类号:

V261

顾冬冬, 孙婧佳, 朱清杰, 汪瑞, 杨家慧, 张玉玺. 结构参数与成形角度对激光粉末床熔融内流道成形质量的影响机制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(3): 392-402.

GU Dongdong, SUN Jingjia, ZHU Qingjie, WANG Rui, YANG Jiahui, ZHANG Yuxi. The Influence Mechanism of Structural Parameters and Forming Angle on the Quality of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inner Channel Forming[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(3): 392-402.

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