结构件表面功能涂层厚度测量技术与研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.23.292

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 综述结构件表面功能涂层厚度测量技术的最新进展，探讨涂层厚度测量加工一体化中的关键技术问题。首先，系统分析作为厚度测量对象的功能涂层种类及涂层厚度测量特点，明确涂层厚度均匀性控制中的测量精度与测量效率需求。根据使用环境要求，航空航天飞行器部分零件的结构件表面喷涂了热防护、吸波、导电等功能涂层，不同类型涂层具有不同的物理特性，零件的研制质量要求使得涂层厚度测量在满足高分辨率与高精度的同时，还需具有足够的探测深度与快速测量能力。其次，按测量原理依次介绍了热成像测厚、超声测厚、磁涡流测厚技术在各类功能涂层厚度测量中的应用。系统分析了热防护涂层、吸波涂层与导电金属涂层的厚度无损检测技术发展现状，针对各类功能涂层的性质与特点，结合涂层厚度的测量精度等要求，介绍了其所适用的厚度测量方法与硬件系统组成。最后，分析了各种厚度无损检测技术的优势和局限性，并对结构件表面功能涂层的厚度测量技术未来发展进行了展望，从而为结构件表面功能涂层厚度测量的工程应用提供了参考。

关键词: 功能涂层, 热成像测厚, 超声测厚, 磁涡流测厚, 涂层打磨

Abstract: The latest development of the thickness measurement technology of functional coating on the surface of structural parts is reviewed, and the key technical issues in the integration of coating thickness measurement and processing are discussed. Simultaneously, the needs of measurement accuracy and efficiency for coating thickness uniformity control are clarified. Firstly, the types of functional coatings and the characteristics of thickness measurement are systematically analyzed, and the requirements of measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency in the control of coating thickness uniformity are clarified. According to the requirements of the use environment, the structural surface of some parts of the aerospace aircraft is sprayed with functional coatings such as thermal protection, wave absorption and conduction. Distinct types of coatings have different physical characteristics. The quality requirements of the parts make the thickness measurement of the coating not only meet the high resolution and high precision, but also need to have sufficient detection depth and rapid measurement ability. Secondly, the application of thermal imaging technology, ultrasonic technology and magnetic eddy current technology in the measurement of functional coating thickness is introduced according to the measurement principle. The development status of thickness nondestructive testing technology for thermalprotective coating, wave absorbing coating and conductive metal coating is systematically analyzed. Then, according to the properties and characteristics of various functional coatings and the requirements of coating thickness measurement accuracy, the applicable thickness measurement methods and hardware system composition are introduced. Finally, the advantages and limitations of various thickness nondestructive testing technologies are analyzed, and the future development of thickness measurement technology of functional coatings on structural parts is prospected, providing a reference for the engineering applications of thickness measurement of functional coatings on structural parts.

Key words: functional coatings, thermal imaging thickness measurement, ultrasonic thickness measurement, eddy current thicknessmeasurement, coating polishing

中图分类号:

TG156

毋天歌, 郭国强, 武丽丽, 柯帅, 孔志学, 赵欢, 王大中. 结构件表面功能涂层厚度测量技术与研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(23): 292-307.

WU Tiange, GUO Guoqiang, WU Lili, KE Shuai, KONG Zhixue, ZHAO Huan, WANG Dazhong. Thickness Measurement of Functional Coatings on the Surface of Structural Parts: Key Technology and Advancements[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(23): 292-307.

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